本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, l* }5 O; j" \& P
5 [! H2 S7 |6 x7 k2 j) o" p5.39.217.77 公仔箱論壇7 p/ ~# |( `7 U: T4 e6 ^
7 y9 E. |3 A3 R- s9 G4 E! b公仔箱論壇People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
6 C1 r$ ~9 b) X" aof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
6 Z% v/ P! ~( v( P/ B, C' g4 {deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 {# Q7 {9 M: b4 o) h I$ _+ P
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
1 N- y! I# ], G( n b; ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbastronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, MontanaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. E/ B6 y7 l! F, l
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 U T$ V9 L5 C2 Y K J: z( a
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 l- ~# _' p! k% s+ _, d
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, w% [ }" }: p& }/ n \
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
: n2 ~: t- u$ C9 \# k) d6 G7 ?公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
1 S/ @; b6 C7 HCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 公仔箱論壇' N4 L: G" K g6 p
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
. ~/ H& S h: e: F) bwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.
3 @! G$ b* P# Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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w/ P5 M, Y8 d2 g) x5.39.217.77Escondida Mine, Chile
0 h1 X; D9 B% A5 m4 V* ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces # o3 a; }: y1 \& L6 X$ c
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; S5 H) _8 \7 H2 G& _3 ?( g
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" T! M1 i+ D M- g9 ^
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 9 T+ X0 A) H3 i6 F `
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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0 ]$ E5 n$ S* N* O5 C' Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah3 r- @% r/ b( D6 S
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 公仔箱論壇0 _* g( R! X" `: B1 w
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 5.39.217.779 d! I9 V$ |- K' z' f
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
" F8 j) @; V" s; r5.39.217.77the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
& b9 r) N* R8 `+ s1 Ainside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 $ m7 }( f" t/ V, G9 Q
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark. j, U9 z' x" v& C1 j
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇% o* ~" I/ P# [. U/ U* E! R: {
camera and an 800mm lens.
3 Z4 E/ r& `; f& _& O( Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 \# I' H0 z! ]
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. w4 Q# c' k0 I3 S7 Z$ w/ d公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.
$ z2 h: V+ t* c4 U8 \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
2 A( \) w6 k* D% \) Bdredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
3 x* N' G. h- n6 flandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.5.39.217.770 `3 K. n( ^9 _4 b$ @& q
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic / i" G0 F4 H. t4 r4 H1 y1 Y$ K
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 I* p- R% q5 L* Y0 ?; G
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
7 h" o, u: J& u9 D: A% f: i+ [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
6 l* p/ ~. v: e9 r# G6 RDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 公仔箱論壇- N7 ?% X" ]$ M F: N! Q z
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: M! X* z% x( i' E' g. ?. V9 E3 d3 s, ~
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ a0 E/ R$ }" Z- R+ P
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
" m( \4 d) y- \3 }& j( {2 k' ^7 ]TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
8 b) v4 T1 J6 n* Q/ bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 $ H4 _# Y0 H/ a) N' x3 z3 u- B
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru公仔箱論壇/ c! ~7 X, M2 W7 r+ @
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
( G# T2 P0 C, k7 bThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 5.39.217.77$ ?3 ^& }& r+ Z R
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, & {4 m |: Q6 T" M K4 E
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
* D' R3 ?, w' l# n- b5 B公仔箱論壇Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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S* l( o2 V4 r: ~* {公仔箱論壇Freeport Mine, Indonesia公仔箱論壇: g. R4 R8 E9 F& M l$ [( j
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
: l; b$ }. s" P4 F) E) T# H0 NMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 5.39.217.77$ |* ? |* Q8 q3 k. T1 | Q
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ B2 |# N0 v, }; d# M6 l8 z
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
+ t$ H, a# H+ b! M' d P* m. j5 m公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 ]9 S1 l, q" o) \& n y
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Cananea Mine, Mexico
' J- H, u4 H, J* f; _* g. Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
$ Y H! l6 K0 E# P6 @$ h; CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
; Y: R! R2 g+ p/ E公仔箱論壇gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
& w q7 a8 O6 H8 dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering ! _* g, d7 d3 W0 T& m' B% p
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
5 Y8 Y" E! A; e3 `- ` O' UA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
5 z7 N4 o' \# [& v5.39.217.77Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.5.39.217.77, d6 z9 B: M/ S% K9 h3 R
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.5.39.217.771 Y; @2 E: O% R) ^
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 T5 y* g( l: m5 S& P* L
Phosphate Mines, Jordan
: c( J; I& h& B/ F0 W5.39.217.77Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
$ B! r+ R' V3 ~ q7 Rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
, Q: w1 Y+ }' e" p+ [) cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 公仔箱論壇6 A N& ?# o) r3 _* B. ^% D# f
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
8 ~7 I7 @7 F# |) z3 L' OThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 8 ~7 B9 Y# y4 A' \# y7 V
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
- c3 u/ z+ w3 g# zblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 5.39.217.77+ s8 `! s/ p6 B4 C0 V% t
lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 W' w0 J8 r. r4 K9 X, C( E
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
4 n. v. r6 h1 m8 }5.39.217.77Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured I% g! ^% X k# @
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 b) _5 z% v" `& S0 k
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
. s* W* u9 ^2 f- {0 y! F; sthe metal was extracted.5.39.217.771 e) ~5 c, y7 Q) b+ o+ l) d6 W/ E8 |
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 公仔箱論壇* }% n! G \0 l3 b) x
& ]3 R$ T( D ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Hambach Coal Mines, Germany$ k% o, ^, P2 G5 H7 x" l
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
! R; x! Q9 o7 W2 i6 \公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
; O n" [/ @. Q7 j0 ~is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
+ \0 k) N* K+ h& _9 R% J/ t, c) v0 nThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 5.39.217.77! c, |# Z, X7 _7 ` o% ]
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
% `. m) d+ h7 p j3 y. Zbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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