本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- s; c( e8 t' M1 h
$ o6 O# {7 E, X% \' LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 公仔箱論壇/ w7 c" H1 f6 b4 A. Q& f
0 X6 M# t5 x' t9 v* ]6 o3 T! _+ Y4 ePeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. p3 B8 H3 r% \( G- ^( T
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and # y( l9 l& ~# V9 n& {# d! z
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
A) o4 n! @$ W5 Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: F5 w6 N: h4 Q2 b6 \* `
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.9 [. i4 d+ Y: o8 f8 c7 \+ B2 m
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" t5 r6 O. _; X. d
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
1 W' A! \0 E! f6 ZThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
& f' \8 Q% K) O" `$ xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
1 l7 v }( w6 S$ H; y6 T0 K6 _# uToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
5 z, ^0 S( O6 S8 T' K/ Iwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- P2 M9 C/ j4 r" g
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
- ^# ]6 l, T) p7 dCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 公仔箱論壇; k+ @' ~/ v# N% h7 X
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 3 q- c8 p Q9 [* A3 @% a1 u
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
' d) ^/ ?! _( s) f% p' _, pThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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- S5 H* V2 b3 S( D+ w. G7 BEscondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# R. ?! m! Y. D6 M& y8 Z
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
/ k- B0 G) c3 Y9 T; s8 W$ itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ j; y+ a$ ?: U# e8 p
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
# [' i4 A) u, D; QThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 2 j( J9 C& a, }. q6 B3 G1 w
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.; X& m7 K* E& D' h" y1 O
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
$ I' ^9 `, C5 c1 R" a3 w公仔箱論壇Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
% {1 } ^; p3 v. u/ Gmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 ( [/ E" }4 a* {, D3 i
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
- l$ ^. t. g5 v9 r# Ethe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 公仔箱論壇6 p$ E* f) {% D$ w! h D) b$ k
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
& A( [+ u+ q' o3 S D1 }0 p2 \& ?8 ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ D2 B) G1 R8 d5 X7 U
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
* |6 x# Z0 `3 |- L; B; Rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcamera and an 800mm lens.
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 k. @/ T Q* m- i! ^/ _1 |
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
8 I+ o4 q4 ^- ?" Y7 D公仔箱論壇dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd 公仔箱論壇! r7 I! N* D* P+ B7 \# P1 z
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
* i# `; ?. v6 j3 Z+ ZShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
4 O% H# W; s8 u1 M& y3 Y; {mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) p2 j) c7 R! \9 \
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with # h4 e, X- E8 K; }
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
& V% Q; U7 _& K# C! A! gDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
6 k' B, ?8 A* Q6 Y! S2 J( i5.39.217.77:8898extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
) V/ T# C+ K# s6 |! ~& u; Q5.39.217.77:8898gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.$ }& N+ e Z1 N, T
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.' H" c+ k( o5 B
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4 _# e" j' c/ |. t5 K0 ]4 k0 }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
1 G' L/ L# ^; Y* G5.39.217.77:8898Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
: Z# t: y; }! I3 J3 n u4 c- c公仔箱論壇The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 O* m) k2 v4 V* D& P3 r/ N c) e$ @
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
& z- S" _: l- m' Z* |heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 公仔箱論壇0 s3 `& l; ^ s$ { P
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇" v5 {6 O$ D6 ^1 P' }. a
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3 |5 t- P/ H% f7 G! U# K: X5.39.217.77:8898Freeport Mine, Indonesia+ d$ V( D% u: W) D4 A8 F
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
; f b0 A" F0 D7 l R$ `tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
2 i# }2 E, k- i! Q( ~the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is $ m/ t Z' X2 s- c/ @1 r; p1 x* o. X
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# t% F& T7 m0 H3 l
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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/ L+ h* z2 d; g K o0 ACananea Mine, Mexico1 y, L0 A ]" \2 w
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: b$ G: C4 ?$ Z# V, ^3 r* [
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains ) ?" Y3 O% n2 D- n. E
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
% G7 d; d% W1 O8 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
2 r$ M- h8 z" ]- b. K$ bthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
: h3 a. T r5 v7 t5.39.217.77:8898A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the ) w. y6 m& g( S2 C. ?
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 G" n) U! D. r0 S5 B2 F
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. o& k1 r9 t) ^8 d/ k! {
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$ t; s) m+ @5 j, N8 f# ?4 |5 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& A6 | L4 }, {1 Y& C4 v
Phosphate Mines, Jordan公仔箱論壇) i* k7 K* P! D9 X# O( e/ M' S
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
! ?' r7 `' i0 S1 U- zpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
; j) V- X' p- G! h H" V9 ~公仔箱論壇fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
O6 S6 \% ~0 T& a; n- zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
- x# U2 h! Z1 YThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
9 `: I- m3 k- l! o& a0 qsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
( }0 p, G1 z% { m. S/ g& D7 E0 tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
. c) H' F# u* etvb now,tvbnow,bttvblower part of the image that appears striped.5.39.217.77:88989 u7 k8 V3 R9 _
" o5 g* j1 U! ?6 v2 P' o/ t TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( R# H2 q8 I& q
; J$ s& d% v# t: y" y3 ~New Cornelia Mine, ArizonaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) S+ o. O% S r
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
) A; a* y$ G- p! P: j" _above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
6 U8 c v0 I) Q- ~3 Q: K+ Hland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" j) ^! Z9 l6 V& i6 t2 \
the metal was extracted.
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- z# L/ @$ Z* D/ J4 ?/ ~
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 5.39.217.77:88989 M Y; A) H$ b/ V& b6 v+ _# q- J
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
- W' S$ M c& @4 B" _9 l5.39.217.77:8898is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
7 e" G) P: \3 k% g3 YThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
1 F- @- E( E B! U! X: M7 h3 H, CAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
^1 ]9 t" S! R2 Abare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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