本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
8 |/ I1 O7 `) ]& B7 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
5 a( {( z$ ~* y7 o: Q& D公仔箱論壇 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 f* I. s) Z; n9 ?, F* y6 f
' X3 d D8 T7 C0 C" w1 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
$ E2 {6 _! I4 N/ ]3 s" i* P& G. f9 ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and . o- i$ X6 a* u2 m7 M( \
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇( ~. e" i3 ~( `
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. ~/ y/ \9 ~# d7 A6 d) b& O, ^
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.5.39.217.77:8898( n7 v' I* o$ H V# B: Q
; A5 _+ _' h% ] C" ]4 H' N7 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, MontanaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( m! F& s' Z$ u
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- v$ Q, u6 b5 Q3 o+ }! a
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
0 j/ L( Y; y( [9 aToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
\5 l, c% B4 R9 t- cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
( F" p& e! a& Z& ]8 RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
4 U' k1 \2 v- b+ f* FCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 l' Y6 ?9 F: d( `8 N0 J
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 S4 m% J0 M& l) R- i# V
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
0 f& R8 d* [- h ^( }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. R: O& C$ r2 g, |* v
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8 T! y3 j4 H8 d9 |6 f5.39.217.77:8898Escondida Mine, Chile
) v$ `& i8 N7 g! bThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ I7 e: }% `9 D2 j; `* o" o0 r5 v* |
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
y8 l. K+ e# X6 s! Erepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
( u @3 D! e' l) g1 A. B. xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* Z8 |# l" ~$ Z7 d3 G
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
3 x) @: r9 d6 E/ [/ j) a" i" m公仔箱論壇
8 e( Q. P2 }+ { n3 f, j$ E' dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 V) X0 S% u1 n- \$ N/ k
2 o$ ?% k/ _) x, u; U N$ d% ABingham Canyon Mine, Utah
+ K* R! S7 F( U7 a公仔箱論壇Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' A* I4 n# x8 i
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( a+ \- Y6 r# O; z* O4 ~$ s
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! s1 g) K. i4 Q* G2 f# y
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 公仔箱論壇" g3 H' F" j# b: B+ W
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
; M7 |/ y- Q- Zfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
. O$ S ]+ i: F) O+ P/ G; W( ]This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital & K2 M& {5 r* _- l; E
camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇( T6 N) X( S0 `1 \$ n7 K* ]
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# x; D- L0 N4 y" V% y* i5.39.217.77:8898Yuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇1 {1 c! n5 B9 D" H8 e: Y3 i# p
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, - N! w8 C$ z K; K: H7 ?
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
4 T; Z H* F( {- u* `& ?7 y公仔箱論壇landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- W `& i8 l( q# F; R
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic ! C l4 M, `* `0 W
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
; w) P2 f6 L; l8 w: S0 Z2 B; wwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 公仔箱論壇. D$ X. f! K* \8 L t ~7 l3 _6 s
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
6 |6 `& d) f4 ]0 s" [Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
1 |1 o; Z0 @5 e! s# P! y- b4 Hextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
, Z( j; c. D4 P2 W$ }) [ W1 Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
/ [ z6 q w9 U, r* S/ G8 kThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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' Y2 O* H- \2 O$ Wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5.39.217.77:88987 T( P# u2 X6 o2 ^. B3 a, G L
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
4 P) T1 _6 B4 j4 E公仔箱論壇Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 公仔箱論壇% J2 A' |$ N9 v% G" U, k3 i
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 5.39.217.77:8898$ q7 y7 r4 N* M0 C) ^ u; m
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, / `; c4 q) I2 f g0 b/ L
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
7 Z3 \' v, Z- R+ E1 R0 G- b2 Y4 I公仔箱論壇Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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: i, l& r- Q8 n1 qTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 f6 ?, S/ L; w; ]# l. ?9 X4 x9 o
Freeport Mine, Indonesia
# E( l. ?& W, c# S Q8 g/ G0 ^1 P6 Jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman + M, Z3 U' h7 C
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 \: d$ ?) L w, L& Y
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
$ E) O0 X3 a, H: Nextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
4 P( v/ Q9 i$ y" W& h: v# c g" pThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇' ?7 k/ l3 X* Z# i( I) \2 n- Z" D
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Cananea Mine, Mexicotvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 F( L- F" N7 `2 z" L# E
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇( u2 q2 d4 g# Y: j! }: G; {
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 5.39.217.77:8898' a2 O. O, g9 d& p0 s3 W* e
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 y, e, i/ D$ T1 @" G
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
! }% c: g& |, m$ e" G$ l0 z. Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 K! g1 s3 Q, T" \/ \
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 9 v5 \; `7 j, w6 Z+ Z
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.. c! Y3 ~. Z' G
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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) }% i. M0 l7 r! {( a3 SPhosphate Mines, Jordan; I3 R* N+ h) |; t+ o0 c& H# Q
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
" R: v8 m* R( I/ [* w) npercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 v# i: K5 n* e$ L
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 P6 s7 u" p& z; e
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
0 [9 l; i; r1 L: F* PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 公仔箱論壇2 P! q0 d; i% m5 u3 U6 \
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; v; p* @* {# R. [
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
: m* q5 n( w. e/ \$ K2 G/ u公仔箱論壇lower part of the image that appears striped.
( ?& k# T' m& wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ r }/ T8 i$ X6 {& ~3 {. F* n
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$ b( c" h0 [, G0 m公仔箱論壇New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
B9 y& a8 ?+ J& ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* Q, V. A; e7 a4 d+ `# H
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped & ?% R' a5 l( d L4 s; n$ L
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 公仔箱論壇# ~' d; M% V7 c: l
the metal was extracted.
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& h9 [) B( l% C5 `4 F) t7 e3 {8 }9 dHambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- M- _1 t* @1 {
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 6 [1 Q4 C; G: e y
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
1 K0 f# Q- {+ W6 }6 e; M公仔箱論壇is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
3 o8 t4 i, y) T8 L2 I5.39.217.77:8898This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 5.39.217.77:8898/ u, U: t* I* U( f1 C3 |
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( O8 b9 M, J8 t7 w- W. y
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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