Beijing tries to push beyond 'Made in China' status to find name-brand innovation
/ ]) @5 b% T" Q( g+ X5 \) [公仔箱論壇
# t8 }9 D0 M: H x J, k8 t7 @6 i' _, e
% \- Y# B* V% B9 A: bBy John Pomfret
- b/ A! [* s9 O( Q+ L4 d6 GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
" o7 w, ^2 z/ j }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Washington Post Staff Writer5.39.217.77:8898# T% _( F! `! s: A* o) d) n8 d2 Y6 z
Tuesday, May 25, 2010; A01 5.39.217.77:8898; a2 O) j) L! h
公仔箱論壇; L& V2 s5 ]3 O" H S1 Z
- p" u1 |: j# X" \! \8 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvb ) T; D: Z4 v6 d0 R; S( v; O
Quick: Think of a Chinese brand name. 4 ]9 U7 V9 Z( n; z3 J8 c
. o* Q" R+ E) m( h9 j
( A8 L# V3 y' J8 vJapan has Sony. Mexico has Corona. Germany has BMW. South Korea? Samsung. 公仔箱論壇1 F" v9 o1 c* W3 O, T# W
And China has . . . ? 2 g- K0 u J8 }" m, K3 L* Z
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' k* Q6 n, Q. E( A+ B w' x1 T
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 ^5 z/ P4 ~ {! o0 Z/ u
If you're stumped, you're not alone. And for China, that is an enormous problem. 5.39.217.77:8898% ?1 ~7 ]7 Y) V9 Q" n* } j- _
# h: C+ E% w7 I" n: k # z5 _ t$ \% U' Z$ d1 e; ^
Last year, China overtook Germany to become the world's largest exporter, and this year it could surpass Japan as the world's No. 2 economy. But as China gains international heft, its lack of global brands threatens its dream of becoming a superpower. - ~+ F/ v, G& {5 ^# N
3 |7 u; T3 n0 X+ [) H! s
7 P0 v' d& r1 ^, G1 f9 Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbNo big marquee brands means China is stuck doing the global grunt work in factory cities while designers and engineers overseas reap the profits. Much of Apple's iPhone, for example, is made in China. But if a high-end version costs $750, China is lucky to hold on to $25. For a pair of Nikes, it's four pennies on the dollar.
& [0 D- g" M( N : s; n, |4 _) _+ Y$ L/ k! E
3 V) E3 F6 x8 Q"We've lost a bucketload of money to foreigners because they have brands and we don't," complained Fan Chunyong, the secretary general of the China Industrial Overseas Development and Planning Association. "Our clothes are Italian, French, German, so the profits are all leaving China. . . . We need to create brands, and fast." 5.39.217.77:88989 Y7 ^ K- y, x& u# w! r
" T+ Z- D1 L3 ?
' B: Q1 \! P3 ]0 aThe problem is exacerbated by China's lack of successful innovation and its reliance on stitching and welding together products that are imagined, invented and designed by others. A failure to innovate means China is trapped paying enormous amounts in patent royalties and licensing fees to foreigners who are.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 m' n, L7 f+ T6 G: T7 N
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! l& Y% R& p3 Z1 H; G' E7 H
. t* P* C5 B, @China's government has responded in typically lavish fashion, launching a multibillion-dollar effort to create brands, encourage innovation and protect its market from foreign domination. # q0 ~$ \* W: z7 h m' z
Through tax breaks and subsidies, China has embraced what it calls "a going-out strategy," backing firms seeking to buy foreign businesses, snap up natural resources or expand their footprint overseas. 5.39.217.77:8898* J! N2 j6 c! _' Z4 W
公仔箱論壇' t) v* K; u6 N0 p- I* x; ]; K
5 T0 f7 M2 ?$ zDomestically, it has launched the "indigenous innovation" program to encourage its companies to manufacture high-tech goods by forcing foreign firms to hand over their trade secrets and patents if they want to sell their products there.
3 N; A, |# B9 Z; uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 7 [- h7 X2 M0 ^9 W
公仔箱論壇6 Z- Q8 ^# x3 O P* j4 D$ w4 w
Since 2007, thousands of Chinese businessmen have attended government-sponsored seminars on "going out," learning everything from how to do battle with domineering Americans and Britons during conference calls to why a Chinese boss should think twice about publicly humiliating his wayward foreign workers -- as he'd do to his staff at home.
7 p3 r0 l) O6 U; s; ]8 [5 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5.39.217.77:88987 S, w% W; g" a/ \3 a
0 R0 l9 p" A" ?( ]% x NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。China has also moved to re-brand China itself. Late last year, when memories of China's poisoned pet food and deadly milk were still fresh, the Ministry of Commerce contracted with the global advertising giant DDB for a $300,000 ad showing a series of high-tech products, from top-of-the-line running shoes to an iPod.
+ c: X/ O- ~( v" j8 D% ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
9 F% R! \, X% c* ^. itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
0 D7 e5 y+ O1 }( w8 p* n6 J& vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。As a guitar wails, a voice intones: "When it says 'Made in China,' what it really means is made in China, made with the world."
( E# x S6 c6 V6 \
, X. w4 G% u% C% }0 Y3 Q- F- N5 T公仔箱論壇
9 l7 O, \, p. n B) Z3 X0 SRemaining insular! s; X+ m7 S* {# ^
7 ~3 o4 i2 \& W: Y' g! Y" ]; U2 D# m公仔箱論壇 公仔箱論壇6 q: K ^: b9 M2 | R9 M
5.39.217.77:88982 E4 q9 K) T3 L) `: g- R- D
In recent months, the Western media have hyperventilated with stories about China's going-out strategy and about Chinese firms buying up the globe -- Oil! Gas! Cars! -- and even investing in the United States. In 2000, China had $28 billion in overseas investments; this year, it could break $200 billion. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' M* E; V# Z8 u5 X% B r
& s# \$ ~% F: }1 z6 {+ {
# b8 k5 I, H0 d$ w( ^9 ABut a little perspective: Even if China's total foreign direct investment hits $200 billion, it still pales in comparison to smaller economies, such as Singapore's, Russia's and Brazil's. And China has plunked down only about $17 billion in rich countries, equivalent to the overseas assets of a single medium-ranked Fortune 500 company.
5 P; e( x9 m' l$ k1 x公仔箱論壇 公仔箱論壇9 o6 J1 l" ^ V& x' B, Y
! a4 _6 M& q9 g8 X6 o# z' U3 o/ c公仔箱論壇The 34 Chinese companies on the Fortune 500 list basically operate in China only. The world's three biggest banks are Chinese, but none is among the world's top 50, ranked by the extent of their geographical spread.
, P% |7 J4 e! ?9 k# C9 sTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 : ?3 ?2 s7 N# i/ f* v
; W) w- u1 C/ \+ Z/ N& ?* i' c/ |% [
"Moving forward another 10 years," said Kenneth J. DeWoskin, chairman of Deloitte's China Research and Insight Center, "it's hard to see how viable Chinese companies will be if they just stay in China."
- P/ V5 E$ }: lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
/ @, U. H+ C0 N* C4 \5 w2 Jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
: B% e% O" X% k+ K. ^0 |% b3 |7 t" j7 u0 M5.39.217.77:8898China's attempts to fight what it sees as the stranglehold of foreign patents and intellectual property rights have also had hiccups. : U7 s! v [5 k9 ]
& q7 b( y2 w( j) ^$ ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 w, a5 R4 J4 z X' _' Y- n+ x
China is estimated to have paid foreign firms more than $100 billion in royalties to use mobile telephone technology developed in the West, according to executives of Western communications companies.
. s4 T9 W, o# ?2 W: I5 @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 ' y! ^$ w6 ~$ U7 X
8 u6 `! j- L. U2 n+ P
So in the late 1990s, it decided to develop its own. But after more than $30 billion in development costs, its unique technology still has fewer than 20 million users in a market of more than 500 million.
8 l( v7 o0 ~) t7 @- o9 ^2 ~5.39.217.77:8898
6 P7 W; D4 c- B8 {2 o. ~5 j公仔箱論壇
8 @8 Z5 a- p4 p" l8 U$ e) M8 SHandset makers have told China's government that they won't produce phones equipped with the new technology unless they are given subsidies. And China has resorted to giving away the technology to Romania and South Korea to encourage broader use.
7 H: ?- l# O3 t7 X/ Q9 b* @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
% Z7 \" k6 A" W" o- E# |3 k5.39.217.77:8898
2 X' \/ e k7 G; H"China is still stuck," said Joerg Wuttke, former president of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China and a 25-year veteran of doing business in China. "There is a huge disconnect between the money spent in universities and the lack of products." 公仔箱論壇3 @/ T/ W- f% R" D
0 ?4 w: Z) L. O1 b5.39.217.77:8898 " y' R# y \; J0 C
China also faces enormous challenges to creating globalized firms. Studies of Chinese executives show that they spend far more time with government officials -- who in China are the key to their profits -- than with customers, who are the key to international success. $ G: R9 Q/ e/ X4 b3 n8 H- V
公仔箱論壇. [3 z/ x5 T5 m% \
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" d* c0 Y! u1 q7 \
"Chinese executives like me need to spend a generation outside China to learn how business is done around the world," said Hua Dongyi, who chairs a massive Chinese mining company in Australia but has also built roads in Algeria and infrastructure in Sudan. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ d C+ {& V, H: o2 w8 Q
/ l, J/ _7 v5 w9 j' {) Q5.39.217.77:8898 5.39.217.77:8898, E! \2 r' y r/ q3 g7 C% M, i6 Y
That's definitely true for Hua. In April, he was forced to apologize to his Australian workers after he told Chinese media that the workers were money-grubbing and lacked the "loyalty and sense of responsibility existing in many Chinese enterprises." 3 e: m) ~$ _$ p$ d, x5 h s
8 x; y9 Z, x3 o. U1 g5.39.217.77:8898 5.39.217.77:88983 r5 q [, M1 v5 k4 V
Lenovo's lessons
}( o' ~/ v' _( s) O0 @
0 R& K0 u4 K6 R0 Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
L; U6 x; B* K5.39.217.77:8898公仔箱論壇0 D7 \; P' j! H
The Chinese computer maker Lenovo, which bought IBM's ThinkPad in 2004, wasn't the first Chinese company to acquire a big foreign brand, but it's still considered the pioneer. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& z/ ~4 F2 g# t8 a; K
That's probably because China's other forays into buying foreign brands have ended in disaster. An attempt by the Chinese electronics firm TCL to become the world's biggest TV manufacturer in 2003 fizzled when its French subsidiary lost $250 million. 5.39.217.77:88986 N8 H0 J) {8 F, \+ c) j' A
5.39.217.77:88984 S# Q6 a! |5 ?9 ]7 J# X+ c
2 ], m$ \+ |7 g7 K9 i6 m9 kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。A move by a private Chinese company to take over a once-dominant U.S. lawn mower company, Murray Outdoor Power Equipment, ended in bankruptcy because, among other mistakes, the Chinese firm didn't realize that Americans tend to buy mowers mostly in the spring. 公仔箱論壇2 N. G4 u- ~' e' V( `7 [& |
1 j9 K4 V, c0 {3 |5.39.217.77:8898 公仔箱論壇9 m" ^ `4 H" K3 g% S: R6 j+ f2 h
Lenovo purchased IBM's laptop division for $1.25 billion -- a gutsy move considering that IBM's renowned ThinkPad brand lost $1 billion from 2000-2004, twice Lenovo's total profit during that time.
- E! `. C! }9 h/ D5 r# ^ 5.39.217.77:88981 P1 h" n3 z& V; f' H* o
i1 A0 b. X" e, |% y+ P
Although Lenovo's move was portrayed by many in the West as a sign of China's rise, Lenovo acted out of desperation, said Yang Yuanqing, who has been a senior executive at Lenovo since it was founded in the 1980s with government funds.
7 U& o+ r6 F4 y4 _0 y0 o( A- H( J( etvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
1 W1 m* i/ G7 P9 h8 h, f3 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
- o9 l* X3 j/ W/ K7 z' U# r% hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Lenovo was losing market share in China. Its technology was middling. It had no access to foreign markets. With one swoop, Lenovo internationalized, purchased a famous brand and got a warehouse of technology as well.
6 G) P5 ~, l n' Q* _; e
% ^+ r$ n, [, P. {3 i+ I- T6 h $ ~8 y4 D+ o2 S+ C; a' f
But from the start, things were tough. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 K" a9 Z6 P8 P4 E: k% i& B3 X
1 A- x1 M! p6 ?9 ?) [. tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 公仔箱論壇 h9 H3 Q e6 w# r% ?3 i
Lenovo's American competitors fanned anti-Chinese flames in Congress, insinuating that Lenovo could insert spyware into the computers it was selling to the U.S. government. The firm also faced enormous challenges bridging cultural divides among U.S. workers at its Raleigh, N.C., headquarters, the Japanese who made ThinkPads and the Chinese who made Lenovos.
* N, Y" h/ R& Z$ A% I# C5.39.217.77:8898William Amelio, the firm's second chief executive who had been lured from a top job at Dell, remembers his first trip to Beijing as the new Lenovo boss in late 2005.
) S* R3 R2 {- \- o8 ~: n6 x4 fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
- M- |- m$ F9 i: {" m8 kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
1 G8 g/ y- w& b7 f' Z公仔箱論壇"I was greeted with rose petals and the red carpet treatment and company songs. In Raleigh, everyone's armed were crossed. It was like, 'Who died and left you the boss?' " he said. "You had the respect for power in the East and the disdain for authority in the West." 5.39.217.77:8898 ?- U+ Y+ B& g6 B* e0 H; E
5.39.217.77:8898 i5 a2 |( j$ {: i/ j' T2 U
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 O2 h6 Z* l" n6 P9 f- F
Meanwhile, Lenovo's competitors were moving. In 2007, Acer, the computer powerhouse from Taiwan, snapped up the European computer maker Gateway, effectively cutting Lenovo off from European customers. Lenovo slipped to fourth place worldwide behind HP, Dell and Acer.
|- H8 \* a( P/ U公仔箱論壇 ) Q0 d+ u% c$ c; P- a) R
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 Z: z+ k) ~. y' i) c; ~9 x
Then the global financial crisis hit, and Lenovo, which sold a large percentage of computers to businesses, was hit hard. 3 j9 Q4 Z" E0 e+ p0 ^* E2 _5 H' h
. J' S4 G$ { D: p- o) N 5.39.217.77:88983 i3 V U) }9 [/ T# O
Lenovo responded by following the lead of an increasing number of Chinese firms: returning to its roots. Yuan Yuanqing was reappointed its chief executive and refocused Lenovo on the company's one bright spot: the China market. Sales skyrocketed, despite lackluster performance overseas.
" A$ N4 f9 c* a- X' W7 G3 l& p公仔箱論壇 ( M B0 m$ R) m: }0 O. A5 H7 V
8 [- h, g( h% D( ]! }6 j7 ?3 n9 T: _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLenovo, according to Bob O'Donnell, a longtime expert on personal computers at IDC, "became a Chinese company again." : c3 l% c! {5 t& Z, l% [: `
@8 Y1 X, q# f( m! C 3 y7 I1 J L) s8 Z
Still, analysts said Lenovo's rocky foreign adventure saved the company. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& @, K* e. W! G" I
. A. r) i; h% R0 H$ U) ^ ( @2 ?" Q! f* n) \3 ?
Lenovo might not have much of a brand overseas, but its association with a foreign firm has helped it in China. Lenovo's computers routinely command twice the price in China that they do in the United States. Lenovo offers its top-of-the-line ThinkPad W700 to the Chinese government at $12,500; in the United States, it runs for $2,500. : Z' i# h4 a: L8 h1 S$ ]* A& b5 C
0 A, U+ Y0 e0 @9 ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
- p" W# [4 } Z' z' AChinese officials pushing the going-out strategy have looked at Lenovo as a model for Chinese firms seeking to become known multinational brands. But for China's companies, going out might be the secret to staying alive at home.
! g' X' s9 s* C0 f% L5.39.217.77:8898 9 z0 C* p- c" i& {* h# u
! N- W" k. @: l c8 D6 e
This year, the Chinese car company Geely bought Volvo from Ford. Pundits figured it was to expand China's economic heft -- and its brands -- overseas. But as Geely's founder, Li Shufu, put it, "Volvo will find a new home market in China."
5 C( |2 m. i& x5 K" W( vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 公仔箱論壇9 t5 m/ [/ A$ S0 M7 Y- ?2 D
7 i/ x. Z1 _/ p8 B! G TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. `" X4 [6 V" n5 M7 n9 o
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; V$ C) N* \+ o7 S+ a( h4 [
公仔箱論壇. `; p" u/ o' G$ B5 J8 D
! ]. p; l( e! e" q+ t公仔箱論壇來源 / 版權所有： The Washington Post5.39.217.77:8898- s5 } Y* X& t2 J. k/ B# ]' m/ ^
(以上内容摘自或摘译自 The Washington Post，不代表發帖者观点) |
發表於 2011-7-5 12:25 PM
| 
6 r; p: l5 }* }; O8 j+ U0 t' B
A recruitment drive for new students at Peking University. 'We've noticed ... some students having radical thoughts and bigoted character,' said spokesman Zha Jing. Photograph: Robert Saiget/AFP/Getty Images公仔箱論壇: M7 h4 M6 W6 _6 G+ ^3 K+ ~# A- c: S