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: ]; `5 L; ~) g2 o* R$ o* gPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 u" b, r0 w3 T0 a" D
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and / \! `' H& I5 o( m' n
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.) E. p4 A3 q9 J/ s! Y
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 d3 U; V1 L) {  u$ ^/ S: D
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
3 g: G' ?/ A4 w. R& h# r1 r8 K" s( ^1 pThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
$ m4 u( F9 S- AAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. + R& q  Q3 v. Y# E
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
9 Y% ~$ c8 l" gwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
" Q; x& ?4 \) @, b7 _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" s0 a' ?- W% G" i1 F. G' d
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 公仔箱論壇6 }" i8 z5 f( V0 e5 p
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
$ u- Y& ?3 C  ]$ S) G公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
' |4 X  X4 D. F* U  K公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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Escondida Mine, Chile公仔箱論壇7 Z8 h0 H5 U: L6 g& e
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 o) h) \( K) X- B- H
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 公仔箱論壇8 r6 B; A2 S0 M. Z4 W% A
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
/ ~, x! Z$ J2 W8 V  ]3 m3 AThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
" a% x& ~" Q% c% y5 i+ ^公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 F: m) {5 R: c. h* ~$ b. L2 J6 q( q

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7 I+ t' w. O  g$ g# k8 ], ^Bingham Canyon Mine, Utahtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 l8 F# @4 Q0 w+ G
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
4 V2 M2 N/ R2 \5 m公仔箱論壇more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 5 |; U6 L/ l" j# i% u+ k2 {# B. Y# v8 p
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
% a4 b; q, i! r! p+ Qthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 5 w% y* w$ f0 _6 k: K
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
$ V8 R5 F! A6 P9 R+ J: K5.39.217.77:8898feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
1 k1 C) q' ^+ d( s7 KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
6 o9 H$ x- J. K0 Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcamera and an 800mm lens.
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/ W! J) G& \1 _* ~6 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Yuba River Goldfields, California.0 @0 @0 A0 B$ z2 g1 {5 e' t5 G
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% q" H  r$ a9 z1 v2 e9 p" M$ `
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& e" r8 D+ o8 m6 |1 e
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 b2 ~3 s/ q: n* b, h7 C. \
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 公仔箱論壇/ ?  a3 b: b% w( W( D. h, m( J
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 公仔箱論壇% \; o# }: _( ?( W6 v7 E, G
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 0 ^; i: F' ^$ D( Q' K) t8 p4 L& z& i
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.公仔箱論壇* R- V. ]) W, `
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
/ I* ~  X* o6 D: j: t2 h5.39.217.77:8898extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
* c8 F6 \9 u& d2 d/ p: j, d5 G: p5.39.217.77:8898gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.公仔箱論壇. n, s( P4 P" @+ Z
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.公仔箱論壇$ v0 L( N! F! P; Q9 e

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# V* M- M' I9 }% n3 D2 W公仔箱論壇Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru& C( q' X, a$ F; H. C
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
& \  @* G6 X5 @; `& J5.39.217.77:8898The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
0 _$ b# p8 i: j' m3 @constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" l) V- t2 P8 }% b- h
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
! P$ r% ^/ u$ H3 Z1 }, u+ |5.39.217.77:8898Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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$ W* E4 Q& \0 [/ @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbFreeport Mine, Indonesia- E/ N" `) |, [4 L& b
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman . e* q$ H) ~& W/ A9 _5 V. A
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 公仔箱論壇) l0 w% x1 W& W; d* D: ]2 n7 }, D. F, U
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
6 Q; A4 f9 J* }5 H2 G% o( Mextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.2 s7 c2 p7 X6 b* r% B6 r
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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Cananea Mine, Mexico公仔箱論壇, W4 g$ H/ m8 x/ h3 {  M9 r
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
6 ~. h! {; u, R( ]) ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 V2 Q4 M6 j0 q% G. z, w8 @
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 5.39.217.77:8898( ^2 @5 i. Q% c7 L% s& y5 A
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
9 ~; Q# f& l1 l+ f6 G9 qTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.5 f6 y; y" D7 J/ B4 n
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 F9 p; d' I% L8 I
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
& w0 W4 y$ u# ^6 K* N( A' F6 k, aThis image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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Phosphate Mines, JordanTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( R3 |: E2 X" r) ]& M: z+ U
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
% ]) A: h" U- g# M, j8 n6 W# n5.39.217.77:8898percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists 公仔箱論壇8 |$ c- `2 e' k7 J# i& J  c* r4 C
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
3 m: w$ U# f2 j2 |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
- q. Q# J! T; }/ a/ ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra ) Y+ p  o, q6 X) b' W) V
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% Z3 U3 c: j4 k* {% b/ ~& H
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 5.39.217.77:88985 g0 {# b  A( K+ P) t
lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* D# I* P6 z3 I" p
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
# }1 o% \# n7 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
" W1 A! g. E# _; b' c4 cabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇- D& \; h0 H5 |, E& H
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
# i- V0 m# V  _1 n& ]: tthe metal was extracted.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- N' e. i8 G$ o" X( s1 N- Y" v
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany6 n; T. R5 Z9 T1 B7 P$ l+ Q
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
  b: n0 d( x. \/ t# U( R! KOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
5 a6 d3 g$ f! ^, [+ dis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
% l$ X. k! x2 {: {  v( fThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# u: R$ o* o- [1 d
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
* g+ ?- c- }9 K% zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.