( j; D" S' k6 H9 k6 x註1:見英國約克大學出版物《REPORT of the 2008 Artemisinin Enterprise Conference》:http://www.york.ac.uk/org/cnap/a ... ence-report-web.pdf。 7 Z- @3 J; m6 R, Z! @註2:關於ACT複合藥Coartem和生產此藥的瑞士藥廠Novartis的資料見https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemether/lumefantrine及http://www.malaria.novartis.com/ ... 15-07-coartam.shtml。Sanofi的ASAQ資料見http://www.path.org/news/press-room/685/。公仔箱論壇( y- j" j& ^" `9 V5 \0 V2 V; g
註3:新藥研發平均總成本極高,原因主要是「失敗成本」高;數據見http://www.forbes.com/sites/matt ... nventing-new-drugs/和http://www.phrma.org/sites/defau ... brochure_022307.pdf。 8 s/ ]- r z# o, R! J' L( R) O$ @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。註4:青蒿素提煉自黃花蒿,大陸生物醫學界早知道,參考百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/453208.htm。屠呦呦因堅持把煉成品叫做「青蒿素」受到攻擊,見http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-free-2322622-1.shtml。藥書裏的「錯誤」,有植物學家解釋是因為古代的藥學家和方士,對植物分類未能和今天一樣嚴格,混淆了叫法;見大陸著名普科網《科學人》最近刊登的一篇文章http://www.guokr.com/article/440801/。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. O) X/ m6 ] q" l8 i' r/ c
註5:見維基文庫《本草綱目》第十五部草之四之「青蒿」和接續的「黃花蒿」條https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之四。 9 y( g) O& |7 R7 S. _; D註6:葛洪《抱朴子.外篇.自敍》正體字全文在http://ctext.org/baopuzi/zi-xu/zh。 / L2 b2 t) D6 Z' Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb註7:兩段原文是Funding organisations and scientific institutes generally regard a PhD as having higher value than an MD largely because of the formal training / supervision element of this degree.和In my institution there are a number of levels of recognition of excellence for MD degrees. So I have been asked whether a MD with distinction is better than a average PhD and the answer is that they are different degrees but in terms of academic achievement I really don't know which is better. Prof Steve Wigmore的網頁在這裏https://profstevewigmore.wordpre ... training-md-or-phd/。 1 H! {: N, G& w4 Y) I1 O: uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 3 [9 _" P% `" m) ?( g" dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。練乙錚 特約評論員