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《基本法》第8條令香港原有的普通法得以在回歸後保留，而三權分立作為一個普通法原則，在不同《基本法》相抵觸或經立法會作出修改的前題下，必定存在於香港特別行政區的法律制度和政治體制。但在中央眼中，普通法中的三權分立原則肯定是張曉明所說「原有政治體制中的糟粕元素」，必須摒棄，以達至有效率的管治；又如Peter Wesley-Smith教授所言，權力分立在中國憲法中沒有地位，北京政府只將之視為「資產階級的空想」(bourgeois conceit)。如上所言，中央否定三權分立的原則，在《基本法》和「起草時形成的主流意見和基本共識」之下，頓然變得合情、合理、合法。因此，我不認同高舉《基本法》或法治的旗幟就可以反駁三權分立原則在特區政制中不存在的論述。這不是一場辯論比賽，而是威權在生產真理。 7 U: i9 h% s" ? a wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb ( s+ \/ G3 i/ c0 z% j; D3 CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。注： . w i5 I4 O. \- Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvb Peter Wesley-Smith, ‘Judges and Judicial Power under the Hong Kong Basic Law’ in Guenther Doeker-Mach and Klaus A. Ziegert (dds.) (2004) Law, Legal Culture and Politics in the Twenty First Century (Franx Steiner Verlag: Stuttgart), 465.作者: felicity2010 時間: 2015-9-14 07:50 PM
法政匯思: 請張曉明熟讀基本法公仔箱論壇6 _+ Z* z! x, q& y
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7 g; Y' V: Q4 |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。【法政匯思短評：關於張曉明的「特首超越三權」論】 , [% P7 Z* M, C " t. Y. b* h: M7 M+ sTHE PROGRESSIVE LAWYERS GROUP'S SHORT COMMENTARY REGARDING ZHANG XIAOMING'S CLAIM THAT "THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE TRANSCENDS THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT"5.39.217.77:8898. w+ O6 V6 U9 |
6 E2 W5 n7 X/ w& g2 V0 ?7 w, K中聯辦主任張曉明在九月十二日表示，行政長官具超然於行政、立法和司法機關的地位，又指三權分立只適用於主權完整國家的層面上。法政匯思認為此等論點欠缺法律基礎。 9 ?, t0 N3 E6 H( N* `, `$ `6 ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 7 z% W9 \- D2 S. M* @$ S公仔箱論壇（1）特首地位來自基本法，不存在「特殊法律地位」tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# a% h/ H& M! m; l
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基本法於香港特區具有憲法地位，是特首的權力來源。特區事務，包括特首的職能和權限，均由基本法規定，不可能由於有某個幹部認為行政長官是中央管治香港的途徑而隨意改變：7 ], K0 c0 B) x
- 基本法第二條列明，香港享有行政管理權、立法權、獨立的司法權和終審權。* Z2 q( H2 S K: ^3 w8 n
- 基本法第十一條規定香港的行政、立法和司法方面等的制度以及政策，均須依據基本法的規定。5.39.217.77:8898- ?0 j) D" r( }3 @" Z; R3 Y
- 基本法第五十九條訂明特區政府是香港的行政機關，而第六十條則訂明特首是特區政府的首長。因此，特首明顯只是行政機關的一部分，絕不享有凌駕行政機關的地位。 : ~7 }5 K% H* q! L+ }5.39.217.77:8898- 基本法第六十四條亦訂明特區政府必須遵守法律。因此，作為特區政府的首長，行政長官亦必須遵守亦不能超越法律，包括基本法。公仔箱論壇5 `" }( ^- f, I& h5 r8 k
由此可見，在基本法下，特首在香港政制的地位絕並不存在所謂特殊法律地位的空間。所以，張曉明有關的說法，毫無法律基礎。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( c8 s. N& O' I+ X3 \ x/ [7 c
+ k$ K( O6 k N' B9 c& uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Director of the Central Government's Liaison Office, Zhang Xiaoming, said on 12 September that the. Chief Executive's ("CE") position transcends that of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, and that separation of powers between these three branches of government can only be applied at the level of a sovereign. The Progressive Lawyers Group considers such views to be devoid of legal basis. / T5 F! P& \6 c( k' {7 ~ ]7 \* Q' d" {
(1) The CE's position stems from the Basic Law, with no "special legal status" $ }: ~+ l9 w3 n- N$ f' | cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 4 u9 D; a' V; t) r" |" B# dThe Basic Law has constitutional status in Hong Kong SAR, and is the source which sets out the CE's powers. The SAR's affairs, including the CE's roles and limits on his powers, are provided for under the Basic Law, and cannot be altered simply by some apparatchik claiming that the CE is the means by which the Central Government rules Hong Kong: 8 `2 U8 X5 f/ I) v5.39.217.77:8898 * K; o1 Y/ v- \3 Q1 v/ J* T2 x5.39.217.77:8898- Article 2 of the Basic Law clearly states that Hong Kong enjoys executive, legislative, and independent judicial (including the power of final adjudication) powers. A* L1 W$ X3 F! R. ^; ]' f- Article 11 of the Basic Law requires that Hong Kong's systems in respect of executive, legislature and judiciary shall be based on the Basic Law itself. $ t# W2 \7 N5 V, F# C1 `$ l# Q2 C- Article 59 of the Basic Law stipulates that the SAR Government is the executive branch of government in Hong Kong, and that the CE is the head of the SAR Government. Thus, the CE is clearly and merely part of the executive branch, and does not in any way enjoy a status which transcends the executive branch. " F0 M; A k H& J+ {% U, DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- Article 64 of the Basic Law also states that the SAR Government must abide by the law. Thus, as the head of the SAR Government, the CR must abide by and cannot transcend the law, including the Basic Law.: k+ P5 ?2 l4 u8 y: E" x6 i
7 x- p* T, }, P7 Q5.39.217.77:8898As can be seen, under the Basic Law, there does not exist any so-called special legal position when it comes to the CE's role in Hong Kong's political system. Thus, Zhang Xiaoming's statements are devoid of legal basis. $ |$ ?( W- L2 s5 ]+ ]( H5 xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 k& {9 J0 @% S) ?# R' q0 U- M
(2) Separation of powers between the three branches of government is not only applicable at the sovereign level, the CE is subject to legislative and judicial checks) D0 o4 K q" n9 P
$ ~3 k: s2 @+ j9 p$ {3 sThe separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches, where they operate independently but also subject to checks on each other's powers, is something that is currently applicable to the national, state and even local governments of many democratic jurisdictions. Zhang Xiaoming's assertion that this concept is applicable only at the level of the sovereign clearly shows his ignorance in this regard.5.39.217.77:88984 Y$ m9 B2 I+ B$ X
; _+ y% Z) X7 A; z1 x" u0 G4 zAs to Hong Kong, looking at the provisions of the Basic Law as a whole, the existence of such separation of powers is relatively clear, and was affirmed by the Court of Final Appeal (see Leung Kwok Hung v The President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2014), paragraph 27). The Basic Law clearly delineates Hong Kong's executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, and in a various parts set out provisions which create checks on each other's powers. For example: : P$ a- P: b" \ / r2 [) i l9 z1 \: m公仔箱論壇- Article 64 of the Basic Law states that the SAR Government must abide by the law and be accountable to the Legislative Council.8 \; F( s! Y( M# E. f1 j% ]
- Articles 49, 50, 51 and 76 states that the CE's checks on the Legislative Council, such as the special circumstances when he can dissolve the Legislative Council. ' A* u, k3 J7 F0 F" g: ]% c公仔箱論壇- As regards the judiciary, Article 80 of the Basic Law states that the various courts of Hong Kong constitute Hong Kong's judiciary, which exercises the Hong Kong SAR's judicial power, and the independence of the judiciary is protected by Article 85: "The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently, free from any interference."$ M' q* U& E8 P# r8 `. L2 E/ [
7 P& M" L2 F* _; O) r5.39.217.77:8898(3) Zhang Xiaoming should seek to familiarise himself with the Basic Law , o* @" U( W& w* Z. I+ T/ ] # w5 ~4 C: r* B4 C' a6 kZhang Xiaoming graduated with law degrees from Southwest University of Political Science and Law and Renmin University of China, both of which are apparently colleges of renown within Mainland China. However, his remarks on Saturday demonstrated his twisting and ignorance of the law, which is a disservice to his alma mater's reputation. Rather than yet again sowing trouble and discord in Hong Kong, Zhang Xiaoming the apparatchik should seek first to familiarise himself with the Basic Law before saying anything further on these topics. In short, Zhang's comments are so patently absurd that those seeking to defend him should be careful of being seen as sailing too close to the wind, lest they end up also appearing as buffoons themselves. # L# Q V3 ^5 A h) LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.77:88986 V( S4 B$ W$ r/ _! b
Progressive Lawyers Group , B& N* z+ L% U. q' U0 {5.39.217.77:889814 September 2015作者: mcr125 時間: 2015-9-14 08:54 PM
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 ^: r+ G1 o& E* U1 U- n! o2 I
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