6 ]$ I- Q. y0 M0 k : O- N; O; `9 b. M; T5 E T" Q近兩個月來,中央政府展開一連串輿論攻勢,反對泛民的「普選有國際標準」這立場。9月17日,《明報》頭版刊出了一則政治廣告,內容說《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》(下稱《公約》)第25條b項和香港《基本法》第45條中,並沒有「真普選」、「國際標準」、「公民提名」、「一人一票」、「提名不應有不合理限制」、「無篩選」的字眼;條文既無提及,人們就不應視《公約》為標準,去論別什麼是「真普選」、什麼是「假普選」。7 w9 @9 [1 |3 C6 t: T/ ]
/ E% M' u0 x# R3 `6 k! g9 O: s這則廣告真是胡說八道。署名為「一群為香港爭取公義的市民」的人,恐怕連這條公約也沒有讀清楚,我也懷疑他們是否知道公義為何物。5.39.217.77:88987 n, {0 W9 Q$ Q! |4 _2 O
; l3 j7 M \9 M: k, pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。首先,讓我們看看《公約》第25條b項是怎樣說的: & s4 v* x( X5 [5.39.217.77:8898' z$ h6 o6 k3 _. M; Z& M6 p
「每個公民應有下列權利和機會,……不受不合理的限制:……(b)在真正、定期的選舉(genuine periodic elections)中投票和被選舉,這種選舉應是普及和平等的並以不記名投票方式進行,以保證選舉人的意志的自由表達;……」6 z% L; |* E* @5 g% x0 g
4 z. p3 H6 C6 D" ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb《公約》第25條b項當然沒有提及「國際標準」,因為它本身就是。而且它正正在說明什麼是「真正的選舉」:真正的選舉應是普及平等的(最簡單直接的體現方法就是「一人一票」),投票權和被選權不應受到「不合理的限制」。眾所周知,被選權與提名權息息相關。若被選權不應受到不合理限制,則提名權也應作如是觀。若說《公約》第25條b項沒有提及「真普選」、「一人一票」和「提名不應有不合理限制」,並以此否定《公約》在判別「真普選」的作用,實在是亂說一通、不負責任的謊言。+ @9 d3 d$ a5 n" d, o4 m3 Y
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聯合國人權委員會在1996年公布的《第25號一般性意見》中,進一步闡釋了《公約》第25條所說的「真普選」的內涵。此文件第15段指出,參選權必須有效落實,方可確保選民有自由選擇候選人的權利;而公民的參選權是不應基於一些不合理或帶有歧視性質的原因而被剝奪,例如參選者的政治聯繫;第17段繼而指出,參選權不應限於特定政黨或有黨籍的人士才可享有,最低提名人數亦必須合理,不應成為為了阻止某些人當候選人而所設的障礙,個人的政見亦不應成為剝奪任何人參選權的理由。(註一)TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 |6 J4 q* h) j0 a9 R
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由此可見,《公約》和《第25號一般性意見》鄭重地申明了真正選舉的標準——普及而平等,公民的選擇自由在投票權和被選權中沒有受不合理的限制,而政治聯繫、政黨背景和政見等,皆為不合理的限制理由。2 a' h# o3 A' [+ z
0 Y, Z9 g' v+ h s% N6 o# [" v若我們進一步看看其他地域性的條約和宣言,也不難發現近似《公約》和《第25號一般性意見》的說法。(註二)例如:公仔箱論壇4 W0 W. M" _) `3 u% x$ \% p9 g
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《獨立國家聯合體成員國中的民主選舉、選舉權和自由公約》(2002)(註三),第9條:真正的選舉tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 t# r: a; X" d; o1 U
g R1 K. V* \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2. ……在真正的選舉中,是有着真正的政治多元化、意識形態的多樣性,和在國家法律保護下,各政黨合法地活動的多黨制度。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 t5 E; o6 @2 r) e
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2014-9-24 11:43 AM 編輯 3 i% H0 u# I; }5 Q* |3 b! B
, B9 v6 p' G! L- [+ M0 Z1 o9 b5.39.217.77:8898WSJ: Britain's Betrayal of Hong Kong0 }$ n# A/ D- b$ a8 }* O
公仔箱論壇* }- Q& \! ]: p London fails to call Beijing on its broken promises of autonomy. 0 q. k: { _2 q) \, y6 X6 w) t. ^公仔箱論壇, u; \6 T2 n" i; n
# F$ b% b& B: y0 H' m6 x2 s 9 x* C6 h p$ m% N9 z + f( z# j. O2 _7 ]- H! V公仔箱論壇A political showdown looms in Hong Kong. Beijing has stripped the city of the high degree of autonomy it promised in a 1984 treaty with the United Kingdom. Local residents are preparing a campaign of civil disobedience in protest. Yet London has failed to express even mild criticism of Beijing's treaty violation.公仔箱論壇# k2 T. E+ m0 O) J4 G4 J" K" I
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- O: ~) R3 _" y/ L( M+ k+ U
The people of Hong Kong overwhelmingly want to elect their next Chief Executive, a reform that until a month ago seemed within reach. On Monday university and secondary students began a week-long boycott of classes to demonstrate for democracy. A new poll from Chinese University shows that one-fifth of the population is considering emigration because of the city's uncertain future.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. U( O& ~4 D- x
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This turmoil is the result of Beijing's shock decision at the end of August to rig the 2017Chief Executive election with the most antidemocratic system tabled by its local supporters. Only politicians who receive majority support from a committee packed with Beijing's supporters will be allowed to run.5.39.217.77:8898# f+ V5 g! y; x4 N% }% M
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The Communist Party's response to criticism is that any election conducted with universal suffrage is a step forward. The Sino-British Joint Declaration did not explicitly promise democracy, and the British didn't introduce elections for legislators until five years before their departure. So it is the "rankest hypocrisy,"in the words of the Chinese ambassador to the U.K., for Chris Patten, the last colonial governor, to claim London has a moral responsibility to speak up for Hong Kong. 9 K' E ]" A) X8 V' _ 3 n( f+ [. s8 x. vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYet the desire for greater democracy was the critical issue facing Hong Kong long before the 1997 handover. Beginning in 1985, a drafting committee of local residents and Chinese officials created a constitutional document, the Basic Law, reflecting the Sino-British Joint Declaration's promise of self-government. "How Hong Kong develops its democracy in the future is completely within the sphere of the autonomy of Hong Kong," Lu Ping, China's top official on Hong Kong matters, promised in the People's Daily in March 1993. "The central government will not interfere." - J0 M! A, r% ^2 Z' i4 w" Z5.39.217.77:8898 , ?3 p6 N! m. k9 j4 G% fThat's a promise Beijing broke. In 2004 it reinterpreted the Basic Law to mean that Hong Kong could not initiate political reform without its prior approval. In 2007 it ruled out elections in 2012. Last month's decree mandates a vetting system similar to the kind of "democracy" that exists in Iran, where thousands of candidates are routinely disqualified by the regime. ; E6 a- H N) e, Y公仔箱論壇 4 ~* g5 ~+ j. S$ EAs a signatory to the Joint Declaration, only the U.K. has the legal standing to protest Beijing's broken promises. So how did London respond? For four days, the Foreign Office said nothing. Finally it put out a statement even more abject than silence: "We welcome the confirmation that China's objective is for the election of Hong Kong's Chief Executive through universal suffrage." Martin Lee, Hong Kong's doughtiest fighter for democracy, rightly summed up London's attitude as "kowtowing to Beijing for 30 pieces of silver." ; S. s X- U, ~$ Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 6 X3 P/ w, Y b+ G! M5.39.217.77:8898It's true Britain's power to influence developments in Hong Kong is limited. Yet Beijing's xenophobic bluster shows that it still fears a principled statement from London to defend the territory's autonomy. Chinese media routinely accuse pro-democracy politicians of being funded by foreign "black money"—even as Beijing pumps money into local puppet groups. 7 f6 N& k$ x7 A公仔箱論壇 + {& \, @7 Y4 [( ^0 a+ mWhen Margaret Thatcher agreed to return Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty, she defended the decision on grounds that the U.K. would hold Beijing to its treaty commitments. Count that as one more Thatcherite legacy her successors have failed to honor. & W& B6 g3 h. w6 z# Y. V1 {& M5.39.217.77:88985.39.217.77:8898 d1 O" I6 c6 x0 X9 E$ {
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