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標題: [國際] 加薩陷入火海以國一石多鳥 [打印本頁]

作者: serrurier 時間: 2014-7-10 04:06 AM 標題: 加薩陷入火海以國一石多鳥

加薩陷入火海以國一石多鳥9 v' [4 Y% P- x
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以巴和談在今年四月破裂後，負責斡旋的華府面對接踵而來的烏克蘭和伊拉克危機，疲於奔命焦頭爛額，看來無暇重啟本來視為「中東問題重中之重」的以巴談判，巴勒斯坦自治政府主席阿巴斯尋求出路，轉與巴人激進派系哈馬斯和解，以色列對此難免如芒在背，三名猶太人學生被擄遇害，正好給以色列狠打哈馬斯兼且瓦解巴人「團結政府」一個藉口。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 c8 H7 @" Z' b8 G9 @2 | U
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上月中旬，以色列三名十五歲至十九歲的學生，在西岸希伯倫附近失蹤，以軍大舉拘捕巴人，其中主要是哈馬斯成員，哈馬斯展開報復，從其控制的加薩向以色列南部發射火箭，以軍則報以空襲。到了三名猶太學生屍體被發現，一名巴人少年又被激進猶太人殺死，雙方衝突加劇，以軍進行一年多來最大規模軍事行動，僅在過去兩日，便四百多次空襲加薩，最少炸死幾十人和炸傷幾百人，哈馬斯的火箭，也射到特拉維夫和耶路撒冷，最遠一枚射到一百六十多公里外的海法，不過火箭大多被以色列鐵穹系統攔截，並未造成人命傷亡。

兩派巴人嫌隙再起5.39.217.77:88982 X/ K( _- r8 K3 u: u" I

以色列二○○五年全面撤出加薩，相隔兩年後該地落入哈馬斯手裏，自此以色列不但封鎖加薩，而且定期進行所謂「割草行動」，空襲加薩打擊哈馬斯，以軍上一次大規模軍事行動是在二○一二年底，當時哈馬斯有埃及穆爾西政府背後撐腰，實力比現在強得多。
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可以看到，以色列和哈馬斯軍力懸殊，加薩幾乎處於捱打狀態，很明顯，以色列要把哈馬斯趕盡殺絕，內閣已經授權軍方動員四萬後備軍，隨時準備出動地面部隊進入加薩。

阿巴斯較早前配合以色列在西岸的搜捕行動，現時又對加薩被炸只是不痛不癢地例行譴責，哈馬斯大為不滿，剛剛和解的雙方，嫌隙再起，巴人團結政府恐怕時日無多。

作者: felicity2010 時間: 2014-7-12 10:30 AM

本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2014-7-12 10:35 AM 編輯

The Economist: The tragedy of the Arabs

A civilisation that used to lead the world is in ruins—and only the locals can rebuild it
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A THOUSAND years ago, the great cities of Baghdad,Damascus and Cairo took turns to race ahead of the Western world. Islam and innovation were twins. The various Arab caliphates were dynamic superpowers—beacons of learning, tolerance and trade. Yet today the Arabs are in a wretched state. Even as Asia, Latin America and Africa advance, the Middle East is held back by despotism and convulsed by war.
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Hopes soared three years ago, when a wave of unrest across the region led to the overthrow of four dictators—in Tunisia,Egypt, Libya and Yemen—and to a clamour for change elsewhere, notably in Syria.But the Arab spring’s fruit has rotted into renewed autocracy and war. Both engender misery and fanaticism that today threaten the wider world.

Why Arab countries have so miserably failed to create democracy, happiness or (aside from the windfall of oil) wealth for their 350m people is one of the great questions of our time. What makes Arab society susceptible to vile regimes and fanatics bent on destroying them (and their perceived allies in the West)? No one suggests that the Arabs as a people lack talent or suffer from some pathological antipathy to democracy. But for the Arabs to wake from their nightmare, and for the world to feel safe, a great deal needs to change.

The blame gameTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  O2 y. E* V0 ?+ R$ ~, @' E, Q! ^

One problem is that the Arab countries’ troubles run so wide. Indeed, Syria and Iraq can nowadays barely be called countries at all. This week a brutal band of jihadists declared their boundaries void, heralding instead a new Islamic caliphate to embrace Iraq and Greater Syria (including Israel-Palestine,Lebanon, Jordan and bits of Turkey) and—in due course—the whole world. Its leaders seek to kill non-Muslims not just in the Middle East but also in the streets of New York, London and Paris. Egypt is back under military rule. Libya, following the violent demise of Muammar Qaddafi, is at the mercy of unruly militias. Yemen is beset by insurrection, infighting and al-Qaeda. Palestine is still far from true statehood and peace: the murders of three young Israelis and ensuing reprisals threaten to set off yet another cycle of violence (see article). Even countries such as Saudi Arabia and Algeria, whose regimes are cushioned by wealth from oil and gas and propped up by an iron-fisted apparatus of state security, are more fragile than they look.Only Tunisia, which opened the Arabs’ bid for freedom three years ago, has the makings of a real democracy.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' z" r7 k7 C4 z+ O; H
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Islam, or at least modern reinterpretations of it, is at the core of some of the Arabs’ deep troubles. The faith’s claim,promoted by many of its leading lights, to combine spiritual and earthly authority, with no separation of mosque and state, has stunted the development of independent political institutions. A militant minority of Muslims are caught up in a search for legitimacy through ever more fanatical interpretations of the Koran. Other Muslims, threatened by militia violence and civil war, have sought refuge in their sect. In Iraq and Syria plenty of Shias and Sunnis used to marry each other; too often today they resort to maiming each other. And this violent perversion of Islam has spread to places as distant as northern Nigeria and northern England.

But religious extremism is a conduit for misery, not its fundamental cause (see article). While Islamic democracies elsewhere (such as Indonesia—see article)are doing fine, in the Arab world the very fabric of the state is weak. Few Arab countries have been nations for long. The dead hand of the Turks’ declining Ottoman empire was followed after the first world war by the humiliation of British and French rule. In much of the Arab world the colonial powers continued to control or influence events until the1960s. Arab countries have not yet succeeded in fostering the institutional prerequisites of democracy—the give-and-take of parliamentary discourse,protection for minorities, the emancipation of women, a free press, independent courts and universities and trade unions.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( I5 M- l2 H' _& i# e' Q+ u
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The absence of a liberal state has been matched by the absence of a liberal economy. After independence, the prevailing orthodoxy was central planning, often Soviet-inspired. Anti-market,anti-trade, pro-subsidy and pro-regulation, Arab governments strangled their economies. The state pulled the levers of economic power—especially where oil was involved. Where the constraints of post-colonial socialism were lifted,capitalism of the crony, rent-seeking kind took hold, as it did in the later years of Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak. Privatisation was for pals of the government. Virtually no markets were free, barely any world-class companies developed, and clever Arabs who wanted to excel in business or scholarship had to go to America or Europe to do so.
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Economic stagnation bred dissatisfaction. Monarchs and presidents-for-life defended themselves with secret police and goons. The mosque became a source of public services and one of the few places where people could gather and hear speeches.Islam was radicalised and the angry men who loathed their rulers came to hate the Western states that backed them. Meanwhile a vast number of the young grew restless because of unemployment. Thanks to the electronic media, they were increasingly aware that the prospects of their cohort outside the Middle East were far more hopeful. The wonder is not that they took to the streets in the Arab spring, but that they did not do so sooner.

A lot of ruin

These wrongs cannot easily or rapidly be put right. Outsiders, who have often been drawn to the region as invaders and occupiers, cannot simply stamp out the jihadist cause or impose prosperity and democracy. That much, at least, should be clear after the disastrous invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003. Military support—the supply of drones and of a small number of special forces—may help keep the jihadists in Iraq at bay. That help may have to be on permanent call. Even if the new caliphate is unlikely to become a recognisable state, it could for many years produce jihadists able to export terrorism.
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But only the Arabs can reverse their civilisational decline, and right now there is little hope of that happening.The extremists offer none. The mantra of the monarchs and the military men is “stability”. In a time of chaos, its appeal is understandable, but repression and stagnation are not the solution. They did not work before; indeed they were at the root of the problem. Even if the Arab awakening is over for the moment, the powerful forces that gave rise to it are still present. The social media which stirred up a revolution in attitudes cannot be uninvented. The men in their palaces and their Western backers need to understand that stability requires reform.& W8 B( ]2 U9 q" C- T
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Is that a vain hope? Today the outlook is bloody. But ultimately fanatics devour themselves. Meanwhile,wherever possible, the moderate, secular Sunnis who comprise the majority of Arab Muslims need to make their voices heard. And when their moment comes,they need to cast their minds back to the values that once made the Arab world great. Education underpinned its primacy in medicine, mathematics, architecture and astronomy. Trade paid for its fabulous metropolises and their spices and silks. And, at its best, the Arab world was a cosmopolitan haven for Jews,Christians and Muslims of many sects, where tolerance fostered creativity and invention.公仔箱論壇7 [4 D! _8 c! X

Pluralism, education, open markets:these were once Arab values and they could be so again.Today, as Sunnis and Shias tear out each others’ throats in Iraq and Syria and a former general settles onto his new throne in Egypt, they are tragically distant prospects. But for a people for whom so much has gone so wrong, such values still make up a vision of a better future.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' j) l% P) v8 J: a
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作者: felicity2010 時間: 2014-7-12 10:39 AM

黎巴嫩武裝分子射火箭炮　突襲以色列 " G) @- j. y4 B# D1 u/ C* k
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# ~+ y1 N. |2 D+ Y* q" v
■以軍不斷空襲加薩市，被炸處冒出大量濃煙。美聯社 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: O* O' ?( M' B3 S% }5 f
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以色列和哈馬斯連續第四日互轟炮火，令死亡人數破100之際，黎巴嫩武裝分子亦加入戰團，昨日（周五）發射多枚火箭炮突襲以色列，以色列發射25枚炮彈還擊，炮火轟轟響徹以色列中、北部。

當地時間昨早6時許，以色列北部傳來一陣炮火聲。以軍表示，一枚火箭炮從黎巴嫩或敍利亞方面射向以色列北部，在以北卡法尤瓦爾墜落。黎巴嫩國家通訊社報道，兩枚火箭從黎南哈斯拜亞發射，目標鎖定「佔領區」。黎巴嫩軍事消息則指，黎巴嫩境內發出的火箭共有五枚，兩枚進入以色列境內，兩枚被以色列防空導彈攔截，一枚墜落黎巴嫩境內。以軍發言人勒納懷疑，黎巴嫩武裝分子企圖加入戰團，未知他們是純粹擺姿態還是有實質行動。黎南是遜尼派伊斯蘭武裝組織「真主黨」根據地，但該處亦有不少巴勒斯坦組織，暫時未有組織承認責任。
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# c  a$ J- V& E. \0 ^- v& Z0 g
以軍續炸加薩　百人死亡

以色列昨繼續空襲加薩，一輛汽車被炸彈擊中，車上三人兩死一重傷，令以軍四日空襲的死亡人數上升至100人，哈馬斯1,100多個據點受襲。哈馬斯拒絕屈服，向特拉維夫發射三枚火箭，但全被以軍鐵穹防空導彈擊落。哈馬斯警告，以色列本古里安國際機場設有軍用機場，已被他們列入昨日攻擊目標之內，要求航空公司停止往來本古里安的所有航班。) {+ V8 `& `* I8 g

以色列總理內坦亞胡昨發表電視講話，強調以軍空襲取得如期進展，哈馬斯及恐怖組織受到重創，又揚言以軍將會發動更多攻擊。奧巴馬和內坦亞胡舉行電話會議，指美方願意斡旋停火。美國國務卿克里發言人亦暗示美方不想戰事擴大：「不願任何人發動地面攻擊。」以色列日前動員四萬名後備軍，為發動地面攻擊做準備。公仔箱論壇' b  @) t5 A  D# t# L$ N
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路透社/美聯社/法新社

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■以軍坦克車集結加薩地帶邊境，準備隨時發動地面攻擊。美聯社

作者: felicity2010 時間: 2014-7-16 09:42 PM

以色列再向加沙開火揚言擴大軍事行動8 R' \, j& W* L8 P6 n [, G

TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: I; l& {; t2 i/ y* O9 k% ]" i
路透社片段截圖5.39.217.77:8898( O- v% G/ i" P) q- s

短暫停火僅約6小時後，以色列昨晚再度對加沙展開空襲，並明言將擴大軍事行動。以色列總理尼坦雅胡於當地時間昨晚發表聲明，指哈馬斯拒絕停火，令以色列「別無選擇」只能擴大軍事行動、加強攻擊；哈馬斯方面則指未有收到埃及官方通知，僅自新聞中得悉建議。衝突今踏入第8日，昨首度有以色列人死亡，外國媒體憂慮以方行動將會升級。# e- [: L: g  H
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自上週衝突再起以來，以色列官員一直明示暗示會發動地面進攻，以軍亦已調動數萬後備軍，且已作好發動地面進攻的準備，首次停火斡旋失敗，意味著地面進攻再度成為可能。BBC報道，在恢復攻擊的同時，以色列向加沙東部及北部近10萬居民發出警告，要求他們撤離。

空襲8天194人亡  至少30兒童  TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* |0 d# L* E1 X% v9 ?  ]0 Q
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雙方衝突第8日，以色列昨停火期間，首度有以色列人死亡報告，死者是一名平民。尼坦雅胡因接受停火建議飽受批評，外界憂慮以色列內閣的強硬派將以此為由，進一步向總理尼坦雅胡施壓，要求以軍把軍事行動升級。《衞報》引述以色列外長昨日公開表示，以軍應全取加沙，指以色列「必須」再度佔領加沙地區。3 q# t: T+ E: E; d6 T

另一邊廂，以軍空襲加沙8日已造成194人死亡，當中大部份是平民，包括至少30名兒童。據聯合國公佈，加沙地區已有至少560座房屋被徹底破壞，另有數千房屋損毀，聯合國的收容中心現接收了至少17,000巴勒斯坦人。紅十字會則指在空襲破壞下，加沙有數以十萬計的民眾沒有食水供應。

哈馬斯稱未獲埃及正式通知

哈馬斯被歐美國家列作恐怖組織，華府及其他歐洲國家政府不會直接與其接觸，只能透過卡塔爾、埃及等中東國家居中調停。埃及日前提出停火建議，擬於當地時間今早9點（本港時間今午2點）生效，12小時內完全停火，雙方高層於48小時內在埃及首都開羅，分別與埃及外交部會談。以色列召開安全內閣會議商討，最終在協議擬生效前夕達成共識，昨早接受停火建議。$ v* f' a: S! d2 o8 J/ N
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對於埃及的停火建議，哈馬斯未有正式回應，不同分支的領袖說法不一。哈馬斯發言人 Osama Hamdan 則指哈馬斯沒有收到埃及的官方通知，只從新聞中得悉建議，不了解建議細節難言接受；他指哈馬斯要待其提出的條件，包括埃以解除對加沙的封鎖及釋放被捕哈馬斯成員等獲得正面回應，才會停止攻擊。但哈馬斯武裝分支卡桑旅（al-Qassam Brigades）斥建議如同「投降」，指哈馬斯將加強對以的攻擊。身處埃及開羅的哈馬斯領袖Mussa Abu Marzouk 則表示，該組織仍在商議當中，對埃及的建議未有決定。
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哈馬斯對現時的埃及政府極不信任。2012年11月以巴衝突8日，同樣由埃及居中調停緩和局勢，但當時埃及政府由與哈馬斯友好的穆斯林兄弟會領導；現時埃及政府由軍方勢力掌權，與哈馬斯關係極差，埃方指控哈馬斯與埃及西奈半島的武裝組織有關連。( Y1 A4 G  t6 c, |
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# F: J0 R1 ~" K" Z
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