"No power on earth can stop an oppressed people determined to win their freedom"公仔箱論壇+ F0 v" p8 c% m. S5 O
— 1961tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 O, ]6 M8 f2 m( D4 G
% c4 Q, R3 r' v, C: J公仔箱論壇I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die) @" z. c+ Y1 P* n" U! h
— 1964年曼德拉在法院自辯公仔箱論壇) ?# G3 b4 F. W" F
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 ?$ e+ U* H( s
"To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. To impose on them a wretched life of hunger and deprivation is to dehumanize them. But such has been the terrible fate of all black persons in our country under the system of apartheid." / J3 S. a4 z) g' @ S$ d公仔箱論壇— 1990年獲釋後發表演說 ' D4 }; ~# c w, _' Q uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 + B. Q) e! c1 e: x公仔箱論壇"Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony."5.39.217.77:8898+ r. C& X/ ^% ~5 p
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說 1 c d, j. r# K3 \6 H, Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb # v3 a) b ?$ s0 j" g- J"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign."5.39.217.77:88981 B# _! W4 m ~
— 1994年就職總統演說5.39.217.77:88989 Y1 |- l* S) q! q( j
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( W: e' ^% f7 i, \' I- N
"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended." ! k9 v' S1 b R* N; ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》, ?& u2 ^/ Y' q
論言論自由 ! b, l" t* }, Q+ g公仔箱論壇
"A critical, independent and investigative press is the lifeblood of any democracy. The press must be free from state interference. It must have the economic strength to stand up to the blandishments of government officials. It must have sufficient independence from vested interests to be bold and inquiring without fear or favour. It must enjoy the protection of the constitution, so that it can protect our rights as citizens." + m) L3 B/ l1 I8 }* C— 1994年出席國際新聞學會世界大會 9 S9 t' B$ \! `! G6 {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
談公民抗命 3 g1 z3 { R- ?2 L% ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw.公仔箱論壇+ v9 r( i0 e$ U! t0 z
— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》5.39.217.77:8898# m1 r4 D, R/ r h
論領袖 ) r" v! o. g+ L1 `. A公仔箱論壇
"Real leaders must be ready to sacrifice all for the freedom of their people."TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% t/ Z3 n4 R7 f: P6 Q! u5 l3 ^
— 1998年出席黑人領袖盧圖利(Albert John Lutuli)百周年誕辰慶典: {' ? w9 T4 l
談種族 : q$ o. B! K3 B( D5.39.217.77:8898
"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities." ' {$ a( ^1 U' p8 u wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb— 1964年 3 a7 N- c0 J8 S1 X1 j公仔箱論壇% p6 f8 T' S: Q4 V8 Z: Q
“No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.” / N+ K+ p- }, ?) j: {8 a Y# J— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》公仔箱論壇$ M3 @' [& L8 I" L- @1 j& S
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"It is never my custom to use words lightly. If twenty-seven years in prison have done anything to us, it was to use the silence of solitude to make us understand how precious words are and how real speech is in its impact on the way people live and die." : O$ u4 w- c+ D( _6 N$ }6 T5.39.217.77:8898— 2000年* u5 W( r8 Q3 b D# j5 _2 q# p
談獲釋 2 w' a7 G$ p: V- p% Y$ j: g公仔箱論壇
"I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people" ; x8 H$ X ~+ y2 l1 xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb— 1990年獲釋後發表演說/ B* p7 T; E4 g+ @6 } V, X
" M3 |* ^* p% S"I was called a terrorist yesterday, but when I came out of jail, many people embraced me, including my enemies, and that is what I normally tell other people who say those who are struggling for liberation in their country are terrorists. I tell them that I was also a terrorist yesterday, but, today, I am admired by the very people who said I was one."( _: F: A1 h: }! R
— 接受著名主持Larry King 專訪tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! F3 z# ~+ q6 j' P! F
批霸權5.39.217.77:8898- g) F& a+ d% D1 ` u
"What I am condemning is that one power, with a president who has no foresight, who cannot think properly, is now wanting to plunge the world into a holocaust"1 A! ~3 H+ M/ a( o& U+ u% ]
— 2003年1月斥美國總統喬治布殊部署侵伊 2 Q$ b" }% A q0 y( Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
談愛滋病 4 _+ v* I9 a/ ~, O7 h1 xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
"AIDS is a major problem to be tackled by the entire world. To deal with it requires resources far beyond the capacity of one continent. No single country has the capacity to deal with it." , o# {: Q: e+ D3 l5.39.217.77:8898— 曼德拉著名“Conversations with MyselfTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 h) B! p2 O$ o
論死亡 8 t1 E8 N' z/ c" r! D0 U2 f- dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
"Death is something inevitable. When a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace. I believe I have made that effort and that is, therefore, why I will sleep for the eternity." 8 t3 N6 D7 A0 e+ L; j3 {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 1994年在紀錄片接受訪問+ @; a, m3 f7 v$ c
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"There will be life after Mandela. On my last day I want to know that those who remain behind will say: 'The man who lies here has done his duty for his country and his people.' " + A( `% c) v% q7 Z4 G公仔箱論壇— 1999 ; e" J. H/ w4 I" {1 R( O
論友誼5.39.217.77:8898" {3 r( l9 {, @
“I like friends who have independent minds because they tend to make you see problems from all angles.”公仔箱論壇+ `+ A" s. m& \+ ^0 f5 H
— 1975 0 W, s4 m$ T0 w, _- B+ A7 H$ x
6 ]% L. B: L- l w Q+ o/ e& c" n ! Q: G. Z% d4 N |+ s5.39.217.77:8898曼德拉的理想 南非的現實TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% m# W: ~, A4 m) }, j& k5 y
& \9 E0 Y/ l& F+ m5 t & ^/ O: L) Q5 Z+ s2012年,南非爆發馬里卡納礦工大罷工,工人集結在山頭,要求增加工資。抗議活動逐漸演變成暴力衝突。其後南非警方向手持刀械的礦工射擊,造成34名礦工死亡,78人受傷。 資料:維基百科。圖:marikana.info5.39.217.77:88987 E; b. r" L5 V
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去年8月,南非出現了種族隔離時代結束以來最嚴重的衝突:南非礦業爆發全國工潮,礦工要求加薪,警方出動裝甲車、橡膠子彈鎮壓,做成至少34人死亡,被當地傳媒形容為「屠殺」。從礦業到運輸、製造業,過去一年半南非工潮此起彼落。近年,南非失業率高踞不下,現達25%(有指這只是官方數字,真正的失業率接近40%),但今年全年的經濟增長預料只有1.9%。曾經,南非是整個非洲的經濟龍頭;然而近年多個非洲國家相繼堀起,南非卻反而不斷倒退。# j* K0 n1 @( q1 T
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今日的南非被種種問題困擾:貧富差距、高失業率、罪案頻生。種族隔離政策被廢除20年來,南非的貧富懸殊不斷擴大,有色人種苦於他們口中的「經濟種族隔離」現象,生活艱難。基層民眾的困境使他們對政府感到極為不滿,執政黨卻陷入無日無之的內鬥,與民眾完全脫節。曾是反抗種族隔離旗艦的「非洲國民議會」,已與昔日的光輝形象大相逕庭,貪腐醜聞不絕、管治能力低下,失去了人民的信任。公仔箱論壇# B) ?, Q* c/ r z0 ?
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今日的南非,與曼德拉期待建立的國度仍相去甚遠。5.39.217.77:8898& y( ~, X* h0 j9 V/ K/ k
[% n. d' f( M: k# ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇8 J- w# F/ {6 v2 I" D
媒体和各国政界谈到纳尔逊·曼德拉总是极尽赞誉之词,无论是他生前,还是他去世后。而他本人则非常反对个人崇拜, 德国之声非洲问题专家Claus Stäcker认为,曼德拉的伟大之处也正是这种谦逊的品格。 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 Z/ u. v. e* ~" U# Q% r
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5.39.217.77:88988 j! F& j. k2 J7 g
( ?' @5 g& ~3 ?. L+ v& ?4 ~3 @" utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5.39.217.77:88983 M: I4 m# r' v/ n
(德国之声中文网)尽管媒体里充满了对曼德拉的赞誉之词,人们对他的敬仰到了登峰造极的地步,有些见过曼德拉的人甚至会信誓旦旦的表示,曼德拉身上会散发出某种超自然的力量,即南非每每遭遇困难就会显灵的"马迪巴魔力",但曼德拉当然并不是圣人。 + k' k- K# n5 zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。对曼德拉本人来说,这种针对他的个人崇拜令他非常不安。每当有人建议用他的名字命名街道,学校和研究院,为他建造铜像和博物馆时,他总是会再三推辞。随着他的去世,以曼德拉命名的建筑物和纪念设施显然会成为一种潮流。曼德拉总是会谦逊的表示,南非的成就是抵抗运动集体的荣誉,归功于前辈的奋斗。归功于甘地(Mahatma Ghandi), 艾伯特·卢图利(Albert Luthuli)以及他的挚友和同志奥利弗·坦博(Oliver Tambo)。虽然坦博的功绩不幸被部分淡忘,但正是坦博使非洲人国民大会赢得了世界的认可,创造了曼德拉神话,使曼德拉称为享誉世界的人物,使他的声望遍及斯匹茨皮尔根,东柏林,旧金山和北京。 / h# y5 R( f# a' i/ wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 & P% X6 @ \( I) ^* Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb当这名代号为46664的囚犯结束了27年的牢狱生涯,1990年重获自由时,他已成为一个世界级的偶像,神话和标志性人物。人们对他的期望值极高,是任何一个人单凭一己之力都无法兑现的。 $ L, {9 H. J s$ i7 T; P( T# S9 ?公仔箱論壇漫长的牢狱之灾并没有令他愤世嫉俗 # k, W: y, M! O, `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。面对这样一位伟人,有谁会去追究那些影响他光辉形象的往事呢?年轻时他犯过一些错误,有过非婚生的子女。每每见到漂亮女人,他总是会忘乎所以,即便是成了国家元首,他也还是忘不了用并不恰当的方式同模特,歌星或者女记者调情。有谁还会谴责他当年作为非洲国民大会武装力量领导人曾经制定过袭击计划呢?批评他固执己见,不依不饶的性格弱点呢? 0 t) W; L5 W3 y y% h% V% J% R3 s公仔箱論壇1994年至1999年任职总统期间,他的政绩并不是无懈可击的。他推行的是实用主义和温和的政治路线。许多迫在眉睫的问题被搁置一旁,日常政务也常常由他人代劳。在国际政治舞台上,他有些表现也令人无法恭维,比如他同利比亚独裁者卡扎菲的私人友谊,甚至他的一个孙子就是以卡扎菲命名的。总而言之,回过头来看,他过往的一些言谈举止使他很难被称为一名富有远见的政治天才。公仔箱論壇6 ]& E' z1 g- B, ~! r; }. ^
人们怀念曼德拉,是因为他做到了常人难以想象的事情,而漫长的牢狱之灾显然扮演着重要的角色。监狱没有让他屈服,但却给他留下了烙印。曼德拉曾经说过,关押他的罗本岛是他的"人生大学"。在那里,他学会了遵守纪律,而同看守的对话,使他知道了什么是谦卑,耐心和宽容。在那里他由一名义愤填膺的年轻人变成了温和睿智的成年人。当他重获自由时,他已不再是当年那个"愤青",甚至都不是革命者了。他的一些同志显然私下里对此颇有微言,他们更期望发起一场全民族的革命。 / e* A1 K( F8 B1 s4 P m5 G7 otvb now,tvbnow,bttvb尊重每一个人- s! T& Q. P# s" b8 q I
他主张不惜一切代价实现和解。而事实证明,他的个人转变正是他的强项:他摆脱了意识形态化的思维模式,超越自身从事的运动认清大局全局。他不会将持不同政见者当成敌人,而是耐心聆听各种观点。为了实现和解,他不惜一切个人代价。正因为如此,他才能够成为黑人和白人,共产党员和资本家,清教徒和穆斯林共同的榜样。他是一名宣扬博爱的传道士。南非音乐家马布索(Sipho Hotstix Mabuse)在伦敦会晤过曼德拉后曾激动地说:"在他的身边,所有的人都是平等的。"曼德拉让他感受到,他和同时参加会晤活动的克林顿和查尔斯王子同样受到尊重。对于曼德拉来说,无论是音乐家,总统,女王或者清洁工都会受到同样的尊重。他会记住别人的姓名,会问候他的家人。他和蔼可亲,平易近人。他的微笑,幽默和不同凡响的开场白总是会立刻赢得听众的心。他的魅力令所有人折服,其中也包括他的政敌。5.39.217.77:8898( I: I, b T. P/ A; A v
仅凭这种魅力,当然不足以使曼德拉变成圣贤,但人们对他的崇拜却是可以理解的。人们会将他同甘地,达赖喇嘛或者马丁路德金相提并论。曼德拉在世界历史中留下了重重的一笔。正如美国总统奥巴马所言,没有曼德拉榜样作用,他本人就不会成为美国总统。 L( c; ~! [# P; RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。有鉴于此,今天曼德拉获得过高的赞誉,也就不足为奇了。他的政治生涯中当然也有败笔,但这只能作为注脚。他的功绩在于,他令人信服地践行了人道主义,宽容以及非暴力精神。 / [3 F5 ^. ]) Y; g7 i5.39.217.77:8898曼德拉不是圣贤,而是一名有血有肉,有优点也有缺点,深受周边环境影响的普通人。但要想找到一名比曼德拉更伟大的人,却不是一件容易的事情。世界多一点曼德拉,势必会带来很多变化,无论是在非洲,还是在柏林,耶路撒冷,抑或是在莫斯科。 1 {' ?, F- P( L
作者:Claus Stäcker 编译:达扬 f# u/ v( J/ u8 l2 {; R责编:李京惠