世界媒体看中国：逆世界潮流而动

本帖最後由 aa00 於 2011-7-16 03:30 PM 編輯 公仔箱論壇( f# y c# ]) \ E9 Q6 ^

2011年 7月 15日

世界媒体看中国：逆世界潮流而动

记者: 齐之丰 | 华盛顿
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图片来源: AP
北京网吧里青年多tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. k! }4 M* j; \+ W
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就来自中国的新闻而言，经常对比阅读中国媒体和国际媒体报道的人，常常会进入眩晕状态，甚至陷入自我怀疑，好像掉进了镜中世界，搞不清楚哪是虚哪是实，哪是真哪是假，哪是镜像，哪是真相。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; a# |$ A$ J0 f' _3 l! ~

在互联网发展的问题上，中国社会科学院日前发表的《中国新媒体发展报告(2011)》蓝皮书，以及中国官方的报道，以及中国官方学者的解说，再次让认真的读者头晕目眩。

*官方媒体：形势一片大好*
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日前中国官方媒体发出喜气洋洋的报道：tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) t; I" h1 D9 Q5 f1 M* n5 {# k# w

“社科院新媒体蓝皮书:中国成为全球新媒体用户第一大国”5.39.217.77:88987 F, \! e$ S6 j0 C  S" e3 s! z% J
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 o- f! y: O! e, R3 P7 `
“中国成为全球新媒体用户第一大国。”

“2010年是中国新媒体发展史上具有标志性的一年，本年度中国互联网网民数超过4亿，年底达到4.57亿，超过1/3的中国人成为网民。目前仅少于英语网民(5.37亿)，中文作为互联网第二大语种，在互联网上的话语权大有增强。”

*形势大好的玄机*TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# d$ p0 ]! |3 w

然而，官方中国经济网喜气洋洋地报道中国新媒体大发展的大好形势的长篇报道的第十四段，出现了这样一段文字：

“中国互联网站总数2010年为191万个，比2009年的323万个减少了132万个。这是中国互联网站年度总数第一次出现下降，而且降幅达到41%。在网站数量大幅下降的同时，2010年中国网页数量达到600亿个，比2009年增长78.6%。足以表明，中国互联网在快速发展中的规范性日益提升。...”
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这段文字不但文字转折剧烈，而且所说的道理也转折剧烈。# ~( r- ?) C; B8 I  J
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举世各国的人们公认，互联网的最大好处是增加表达多样性，即言论的多样性，以及言论渠道的多样性。在当今世界各国大幅度增加表达多样性之际，中国却能做到大幅度压缩表达多样性。用中国人喜欢的比喻说法就是，萝卜大幅度增加，萝卜坑却大幅度减少。但中国当局认为这是好事而不是坏事。

按照中国官方的迂回说法，这叫做“中国互联网在快速发展中的规范性日益提升。”4 E$ T. s8 _4 h$ w$ j, h
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*逆世界潮流而动*tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; G1 \8 \) L, i$ q

美国公共电台记者比尔·查普尔7月13日发表的报道，直截了当地指出了中国这种逆世界潮流而动的趋势：

“各位或许都已经注意到，互联网似乎是持续成长。但在中国却是另外一回事。事实上，中国官员说，在2010年年底，中国的互联网网站数目比年初前减少了41%。这主要是政府的限制造成的。”
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英国《电讯报》记者马尔科姆·穆尔同日从上海发出的报导标题是，“中国的网站减少将近一半。”公仔箱論壇6 l, \  d. _5 l1 w7 \' ^+ Y3 S% N

穆尔报导的副标题是：“新的数字显示，中国的互联网网站数目去年将近减半，专家们由此对中国四处蔓延的互联网信息出版审查表示担心。”报道说：
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“这是中国网站数目首次次减少。专家们认为，这一统计数字与近来（政府发动的）历次控制互联网的运动有关。”% ]* B3 Y, z2 r; L- d5 n& h

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总部设在英国伦敦和美国旧金山的网络技术杂志The Register记者里查德·切尔戈温7月15日发出一篇报道，题目是：“中国在互联网上崛起，但互联网网站数目减少 /  政府的压制使一百四十万个网站黑掉。”报导说：7 x# r, n! Q: H: m7 ]1 c
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“中国官方的报告说，中文成为互联网上的第二大语种，仅次于英语，但政府的严厉控制正在使中国境内的互联网网站数目减少。”

“在中国的互联网信息封锁墙之内有四亿五千七百万互联网用户。中国的互联网大发展跟中国的经济大发展是同步的。...”; ~( ~: g6 X! M9 k( t1 a0 R. s+ {

“然而，在过去的一年里，中国政府再次对中文网站实行严格的控制。...去年年初的时候，中国还有300多万网站。到了年底的时候则下降为191万。”/ f; R$ K/ ?' z9 O1 A% d& Y

*官方难以自圆其说*4 G+ Y/ j# {8 l# \1 x" }. `1 W
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在2010年，中国互联网网站数目减少将近一半，数以百万计的网站被关。这个数字从任何意义上说都是惊人的。据中国官方媒体报道，面对这个惊人的数字，《中国新媒体发展报告(2011)》蓝皮书的执行主编、“中国社科院副研究员刘瑞生表示，一些网站是因为受金融危机冲击而关门，还有的网站是因为传播淫秽色情内容被关闭或者被屏蔽。”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 S* T2 n2 ?0 ^8 Y" f4 I
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中国政府的批评者指出，中国政府每次对互联网展开打压，都以打击淫秽色情传播为名，实际上则是打击消灭政府所不喜欢的言论。刘瑞生副研究员以及其他官方学者从来没有说明因涉黄而被关闭的网站占被关网站总数的比例是多少。

批评者还指出，在中国大陆，人们可以很容易地在互联网上搜索到当局所说的淫秽色情材料。但要想搜索到关于达赖喇嘛、法轮功、1989年天安门事件等话题的网页却千难万难，尽管这些话题跟色情毫无瓜葛。由此可见，中国当局的镇压主要是着眼于政治言论，而不是所谓的淫秽色情材料。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, s1 K' d! `4 |1 X9 b- p, I

*官方媒体透露玄机*5.39.217.77:88986 P; U% i/ T: w5 e
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其实，中国官方媒体在犹抱琵琶半遮面地报道中国互联网在大发展中的大倒退的时候，已经隐讳透出中国的网络控制主要是政治控制这一玄机。官方的中国经济网在上述的报道中的一个双行小标题是：
新媒体时代的意识形态安全成为中国最重要的问题+ e& ?3 _' n& V! _' r/ h
互联网已成为“西方价值观出口到全世界的终端工具”0 [  R. I9 A  B
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应当说明的是，成为中国官方网络打压行动牺牲品的许多网站、网址，其内容跟西方完全无关。

例如，本星期美国之音“世界媒体看中国”节目报道了中国一个新浪网微博用户在自己的微博上贴出一个关于中国国家主席胡锦涛的旧新闻视频，立即被转发成几千次，引来近千条评论。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# e2 [1 Q; o( e

胡锦涛主席在那个视频录像中说的话是地道的中国话，网民对他的评论也完全是地道的中文，谈的完全是中国的事情，只是网民的言论充满幽默和讽刺。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ r# J2 R! \: e
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在美国之音报道发表一天之后，那个名为“香港新闻记者”的微博账户被关闭。跟中国当局的通常做法一样，当局或新浪网没有对用户做出任何解释或说明。

欲知招致“香港新闻记者”的微博账户被关闭的那些网民评论究竟是什么，请看美国之音的“世界媒体看中国：微博挑战胡锦涛。”公仔箱論壇0 p# X* f( P2 |* F

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發表於 2011-7-16 03:35 PM | 只看該作者

美国公共电台
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China Says It Closed 1.4 Million Websites In 2010

by Bill Chappelltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! s6 E7 h& F" Y5 @
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" P% {' p5 h0 u" q& V* l! ^! V

The Internet, as you may have noticed, just seems to keep on growing. But not in China — in fact, Chinese officials said that the country had 41 percent fewer sites at the end of 2010 than existed one year earlier — mostly the result of government restrictions.
Worldwide, there were a reported 255 million websites at the end of 2010. That number, drawn from research conducted by Royal Pingdom, reflects a yearly gain of 21.4 million sites.
As the BBC reports, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences isn't alarmed by the fact that China closed down 1.3 million websites in 2010. In fact, the trend "means our content is getting stronger, while our supervision is getting more strict and more regulated," said researcher Liu Ruisheng. He also maintained that Chinese Internet users enjoy freedom of speech.
It seems that Ruisheng sees China's Internet as being like a bonsai tree — pruned and chopped, sure, but alive and thriving in some spots.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# B2 T- q5 x- i0 [: a9 U
Some of the closures are likely related to China's attempt to clamp down on pornography, an initiative launched in 2009.5.39.217.77:8898& X  {2 t  p# \! S
The BBC report notes that its own Chinese-language service is routinely blocked in China, a fate shared by most social media sites, as well. And as NPR reported in December, China sought to block sites and TV from reporting the news that a jailed dissident, Liu Xiabao, had won the Nobel Peace Prize.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 a1 u  u1 I, t' T) {* B5 ~
And in 2008, Chinese officials targeted web videos, which were blamed for harming society.  5.39.217.77:88985 p! Y4 o- d4 w% \' E  P5 o

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發表於 2011-7-16 03:38 PM | 只看該作者

Source: The Telegraph公仔箱論壇6 d/ y8 [2 t3 c. `7 `- ?

Number of Chinese websites nearly halves The number of websites in China almost halved last year, new figures have shown, leading experts to worry about the country's pervasive online censorship.
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By Malcolm Moore, Shanghai5.39.217.77:88980 k5 F' x5 B4 c* A9 L
1:23PM BST 13 Jul 20115.39.217.77:88987 d5 K$ X( c1 `; g5 q; U* m* _

According to a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), a government think tank, there were 1.91 million websites at the end of last year, a 41 per cent drop. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ _6 S7 I4 z/ G( p4 C1 }
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It was the first time that the number of websites in China has decreased, and experts linked the statistic to recent campaigns to control the internet.
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"The number of interactive websites, including online forums, has plummeted," said Wu Qiang, an internet analyst at Tsinghua University, to the South China Morning Post. "The drop in numbers was effective in controlling speech. Online forums and bulletin boards are much less active than before." tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 w7 k7 h% `( c9 W& A/ C
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However, the authors of the report at CASS said the number of websites had shrunk because of the economic downturn, and because of campaigns to stamp out internet pornography and spam.
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 M$ g5 }- g! \$ U$ ?. a: y
"China has a very high level of freedom of online speech," said Liu Ruisheng, one of the editors of the report. "There have been very few cases where websites were shut down in recent years purely to control speech."

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He said some websites had simply gone bankrupt, while others had been shut for not complying with regulations. "Some illegal websites were shut down during a clampdown on obscene content," he added.

CASS also said that there was an increasing awareness of foreign countries trying to "infiltrate" China's ideology through the internet, with broadcasters such as the BBC and Voice of America switching the focus of their Chinese services online. 5.39.217.77:88988 M  F& G' f- t) l

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發表於 2011-7-16 03:42 PM | 只看該作者

Source:  The Register

As China rises on the net, website numbers shrink
Government crackdown blacks out 1.4 million sites
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By Richard Chirgwin • TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* E  |5 b/ {7 T. `  a- n2 U. @

Posted in Government, 15th July 2011 02:00 GMT

TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ j) Q0 \3 J0 D5 Z+ x" _- N0 J
Even as reports put Chinese as the number two language of the Internet, behind only English, strict government control is reducing the number of Websites within China.
With 457 million Internet users behind the Great Firewall, China’s online boom has matched its long economic boom; the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) says in 2000, the country only had around 22.5 million users.
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ z! ?& C4 K0 y4 J) m; |1 c
However, in the last year the government has reasserted its strict state control over what all those Chinese-speakers can access: 41 percent of the Websites that existed at the beginning of 2010 had disappeared by the end of that year. From more than 3 million Websites at the start of the year, the total had fallen to just 1.91 million by the end.

CASS cites “pornography” as the main reason for shutdowns, although there’s the usual suspicion that the government is also cracking down on political dissent., Y* |; M1 W1 R+ |. v' J
There is, however, an aspect of the data that suggests another force could also be at work. Although the number of sites fell, the CASS study found that the number of pages grew. The state-sponsored agency gave this as evidence of thriving free speech on China’s Internet. CASS media spokesperson Liu Ruisheng is quoted by AFP as saying “our content is getting stronger, while our supervision is getting more strict and more regulated”.- k+ M# K+ O9 M: ^" [# |
CASS says 60 billion new pages were created during 2010, even though these are hosted on a falling number of domains. In other words, China’s iron control of Internet content is consolidating the number of content hosts in that country.公仔箱論壇: J: ^  T/ A& C1 O; a9 X; ~
It certainly wouldn’t surprise El Reg to find that content control was, either intentionally or otherwise, helping concentrate the market power of major hosts, in a country famous for using market control to favour insider capital. ®5.39.217.77:8898/ W& K7 R1 G& B# y2 P: K0 {  H
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 k' a0 `, s+ g8 X" G% t8 M( S
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