本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more ) _1 D! y4 k& f( J7 L6 u) y6 M
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and % f; h# w. C5 @1 X4 U6 g
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines., ]& N5 i3 Y7 V2 _8 s4 D; [* H
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 8 k# p- w% O) m/ C W. ^
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
5 v8 I' R1 t7 j( U& y: p% ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
$ n, F- y4 s( L6 qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana6 r9 t$ G4 i0 Z# e& V
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇4 X% l' _4 {, h. m! f. V
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
, d% X$ ?! r" ~( e& p# H公仔箱論壇Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled3 C- }0 A, W) u* p
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The ! R7 q" C' v' a7 A, N7 s. x0 j* ~
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 e8 D" E K0 }* B0 g
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
# O0 b8 H8 V) K% Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇8 {; @( R7 f# U) c0 j! Z' {
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 s- d( A6 A/ r# p( a. P* |# b8 O
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.) Y6 N2 X y6 Q! ~% P) E2 ]. B
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3 ^2 m2 h4 X8 l9 i2 dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 S% k/ y2 C" @' W( n1 \
Escondida Mine, Chile( X6 z1 G1 c: Q! Q+ I
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
( r8 m+ K$ F: |- R5 h8 h1 ~more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
/ x, X, d8 G% `* lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.公仔箱論壇9 G( ^$ ^. A! J9 x' B6 r
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer / S7 B. S' D! E, H* C7 m
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 v" Y! G6 l( `- D
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
* [- b: M: b+ q! `+ P% F5.39.217.77Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
9 Y$ }. H6 v( B2 c9 w公仔箱論壇more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
3 M5 f9 o8 X: S a" {! Etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& G5 B- B- h- N( t, d
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 5.39.217.77% Z" C2 }5 l& c( ^
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
4 R7 E7 M7 w% V( |9 |$ ?公仔箱論壇feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
$ q$ T9 L/ x; U0 vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
% M' `8 f+ ?* q- {8 }/ v+ U4 ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcamera and an 800mm lens.
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" L; G* y7 M# d0 M1 Q+ MYuba River Goldfields, California.
: ^0 u ?* |! U0 K5 r1 Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 9 ?5 q+ i; i! G
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 [; G! R" L9 t* Z8 P# q
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
2 G( c0 i% i' A) k; V4 Q7 ^: UShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
+ p5 Z. P1 z3 b* b' @! L, ]2 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! z9 V- a$ c, N/ G v2 S, F
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 4 d, Q. _5 H" B& V* p" `: {5 O6 A+ J
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.6 K' p& R% A. R1 N. @/ F
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
, G, a3 E1 [' ~extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
/ |$ x2 A, M8 K2 G' V8 DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 ^; L8 E# k- c
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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7 K! K: Y! ?: G8 f otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
( D# ^3 Z" v4 U% u5.39.217.77Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
# _1 s- w! y; f# ?5.39.217.77The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
: p- u# J% Y& u" fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
1 V% w: p4 W0 ^* S6 m, }/ Sheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
' a$ S& p+ J8 q; iStation on Sept. 22, 2003.
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Freeport Mine, IndonesiaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 Y v/ D& t7 R
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
; W2 y8 Z2 C2 s5.39.217.77Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of " m1 L$ e j! H1 t" O& P/ B
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
+ c3 o8 L+ n9 |; vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 E2 w. [% Y6 K7 N- Q7 ]5 J( V
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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9 ~6 r# |) P& k, [6 `' k7 o0 e公仔箱論壇Cananea Mine, Mexico
. i8 t5 J! P0 t8 c( S4 y- B5.39.217.77The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 i& s" r+ e S/ m0 ~" \3 c: B2 F
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! @; }% S0 G' }7 {
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 5.39.217.77" h8 [+ Q7 s6 S- x) q7 x/ ?
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) ~ _8 r/ N6 U& T. q6 f8 h6 x5 v1 j
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: E* U' E0 \8 y# u4 O$ I
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 e' Y, \8 @. _; d( k
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 q8 q$ }1 N2 [1 h1 M1 {* Y
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
, {- O9 A& E: eTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇3 ?. s! u$ A" s3 W) r
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* L# S, ]2 n( Z, r. e0 V: U% \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate Mines, Jordan5.39.217.772 I$ y* v! L& Z$ ~$ ~/ X
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
) H: v; W* k7 H1 d6 W+ d. Q5.39.217.77percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
4 b0 N( W* R9 K( H& P# XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
0 E- e9 T5 F% ?& e# ]' R公仔箱論壇point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
; S6 U3 M, I7 V* tThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
5 ~9 h+ [2 `$ |" h! N- ~( wsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# |3 U' v/ V% R" U( b, l; Q- u
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 }4 \ g( ? J5 `0 A7 }& e5 ^
lower part of the image that appears striped.) }, ^. e* r; [% P5 q
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
2 i, L' l" M% O: u% M8 sCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
. o% {; f) _! @above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped / e( J8 m5 C" s2 m
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, z" m; }2 d9 B
the metal was extracted.
3 @! u2 P1 h; {8 qTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇; k4 \8 L, M% L7 k$ i* f, R
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8 a1 j, O- n4 Z1 {' `0 N公仔箱論壇Hambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. }; q8 b0 t; k" D
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
) q [7 ^1 A/ p9 u# j. I0 qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
' s7 i& a- C, J8 d4 r1 Sis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.5.39.217.772 W" i1 \7 |# i" B. l
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
/ o% J4 `# t7 T5 t公仔箱論壇Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
9 z' f5 Z" v1 L" l& W8 w5.39.217.77bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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