本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
/ h* A/ X' K/ }; p' g! z' |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 a$ ?0 w6 R3 X, J) ~& h
 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' Y7 R. ]$ S# s/ K% M8 J
/ J7 ?0 v8 B" U1 r) {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 5 K1 `9 i- P3 M6 [% x2 p* ^1 _
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ j! B/ H' p# D/ B
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ N$ ]* |% ~8 w5 S; Z; o
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 H, I+ _+ ~: R# b/ Q
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
7 O5 W6 l' \7 }) S1 g公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 t' @. [ P, c& K" h9 r! a! F
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
# L1 v8 p+ a1 Y9 ?This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 n- {* `' J4 J9 |1 V4 ^4 |
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; w- R4 K5 w0 a5 P! i- i
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
* D0 [3 J- O$ LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. O5 Q% W- X# h' ~- m
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
% X# F, t9 _6 Q$ @公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 3 ]8 A! N/ T$ m' E# A0 u! ^& G
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇9 B. F, D" t# U+ l4 C; E7 q H4 t
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.: p* Z8 {1 C5 h+ ~7 _! E
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
) G+ z5 ]9 F S$ o
3 I$ V Q9 P- S* |) rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
' X+ @2 e9 N: ~8 P9 W, A$ HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
) \3 P4 L+ j6 {: q6 ?# ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbEscondida Mine, Chile
: E- j8 X9 d: t& ]7 C, A公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces . {- a! N& d) J
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
d- Q2 i8 J- {5 J w5.39.217.77representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
. v) @2 E. D4 p3 M: x, E) a* { LThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
K3 L/ I' |. R$ l2 Y; R' |2 @' }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
4 w' q- a. ]. |; M! ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 h. F& A7 @4 v- d! [
! q/ U( L+ G u& K4 u2 R5.39.217.771 h1 h; w' ]/ B
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah5.39.217.775 c+ F" A1 x. n2 r
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) b8 k. G* r0 ~( P
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
9 \5 D- D8 x: c, v/ }: C) A4 S9 q5.39.217.77miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 5.39.217.776 X' F* i2 e" C& _' R+ E* @: u, G/ u
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 公仔箱論壇7 i, W' H! W9 H+ R8 D0 V
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
$ `3 N- N0 f. ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
9 j1 f3 K! q) s/ A) D h" h! r& vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
0 J1 V0 ^1 G+ x3 \& B, A' tcamera and an 800mm lens.
6 B7 b2 }) L" I9 E) _/ h5.39.217.773 i$ {3 ^; x) ]* y9 q9 i
 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# G+ b" Q) h7 w ]: E5 r
5.39.217.77, J6 K- o: S3 b- `# N- f% y& y
Yuba River Goldfields, California.
. g; l/ s' o0 r* g0 Z5 @- yThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
* A0 |* ]! y" B公仔箱論壇dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
& C. k7 m0 J8 ?( C, E: O7 `landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.( E7 U5 j Z f. U( N" ?4 ^( V
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 R& q0 Z3 d! u9 F( _
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, ) C/ G$ W3 L4 C" r% W9 v& o$ q: {
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
A$ R$ C$ `/ ]8 ~* E5.39.217.77685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
) @* V, B# y% M+ F* \4 v% Q1 [Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 0 k" u. i6 e0 ], I3 t
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
, T" b' h, W' o6 c1 Y( btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
& Z9 z7 P! u, o' [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.2 o7 ]/ R: ~4 l
) C/ F$ z1 q) S2 I2 }5.39.217.77
0 |. J" U" N6 T9 F) C5.39.217.77( r2 k7 K! h$ R$ V
Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru& C) b* J9 A: a9 D
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. " M& A, S6 y( c: O% t: p
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
/ ]- t. y2 D; T2 R( }( yconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
% T8 J- |3 F. Aheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space $ S$ i' j: n) P, v- B/ C
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.( z) L& W$ G/ q9 r$ ^3 o7 O
3 X* l# F* ^$ e" b! d; o" X/ ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
' f6 U0 @! |. M3 i. |: M" x& Y4 G3 E0 N8 W
Freeport Mine, Indonesia
8 \1 Q5 P A; rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 5.39.217.77' `: n; N* z1 f( m9 v
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 公仔箱論壇) c" z2 \) G k
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 |! `- S& f7 u5 S Q/ K
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.$ O% F: F1 k' W8 d0 w
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
! o6 S4 I9 {% P$ W" v* [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
' u+ h% ^5 e: g* q0 S2 u. N, Q 5.39.217.77: s; m9 I2 R" |0 H
- F1 B" l* @% j. M" D( G" bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Cananea Mine, Mexicotvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 B5 z [' c" B+ @( N
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 8 z' b8 T5 m6 w# r7 d1 m( P+ b6 w
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ [* {) X, i+ q' e$ K
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 u* }1 ?, H- P$ l1 d
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering 9 A: C( N- t7 F6 c( w( x
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ V4 J/ U" z7 V. f
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
* }/ p* h3 V& B2 N( @2 M4 wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.- F! _- y- P8 O% S
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 S2 t# V w9 d0 R% _# \
' D/ V: E) E2 N# O; z# q, D5 X tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 T. J2 l; Y1 `
# Q9 O; m$ F+ T. D f
Phosphate Mines, Jordan
9 }+ S8 A4 \/ J7 p4 x; GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 5.39.217.770 f3 \0 Q6 [6 y* j" I! i- u
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
* I% |! i$ i+ n. a8 mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
0 i4 l. d/ B+ k, d3 [) J. ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
! b" u" L# s4 ?" _& b, A# W. \$ QThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra - Z" U3 q$ ?2 G; T3 G# j5 K4 R7 j
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 8 y4 W) Y& m" H7 e, C H
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
) g w. Y+ W* Y; B$ ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( A& h3 w+ i% R! h$ u$ F, T
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 s2 } u# l8 S
7 {! s& V$ o0 B) x: Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
: L0 ~( d1 X2 l/ t) e5 Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbNew Cornelia Mine, Arizona
+ J/ V6 r9 q+ _0 ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured / g8 l# K; u, j% n2 R
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) W) C7 a- U. x- @2 ~
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
) @" x) E! [0 z T' z5.39.217.77the metal was extracted.
/ R- b: Y, A% N* e
/ F' @6 W$ O/ `5.39.217.77 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 I9 o- ^* x8 r* h0 O$ K9 ^% g4 P! v
5 H& b! ]3 b9 R8 W9 |2 M- Z0 ^
Hambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 f0 n8 g P& T2 `, J) J: u+ t! O6 g \
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. ( o O, a2 W; |) R( L. y
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
# ^1 A& s, J2 ` [% f7 J公仔箱論壇is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 `' v: [/ |0 v" H! l1 E! d& W
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 G! j3 V; `7 z: j0 z
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
. T+ G+ h( u) n# x+ ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
|
發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
| 
真係難得一見