Erupting Volcanoes on Earth as Seen From Space

One of the most violent but beautiful reminders that we live on ageologically restless planet are volcanic 公仔箱論壇& Y9 m, P0 n  }9 k* V3 e
eruptions. Around 550volcanoes have erupted at least once in historic times, and around 50or 60 are
% y  R' u0 N6 v; dactive each year. On any given day, as many as 10 volcanoesmay be spewing ash or lava somewhere on Earth.1 M  u' Y. L. M4 M
Some volcanoes, such as Mount Etna in Italy, erupt almost constantlyfor years on end. Others, like Mount St. Helens, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ ~  {/ @9 i& S0 G
erupt rarely andsometimes extremely destructively. Like Etna and Mount St. Helens, manyof the most dangerous
8 n2 c; [% v! V4 @8 ~/ yand explosive erupters are stratovolcanoes, whichare made of layers of ash and lava from previous eruptions.
They tendto be steep-sided cone-shaped volcanoes and often rise strikingly abovethe surrounding landscape.
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5 ~* y2 a# e8 D4 H公仔箱論壇Many of the stunning images of eruptions captured from space are ofviolent stratovolcanoes, such as the one above tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, C/ M6 P2 w& i7 x+ x' e
of Kliuchevskoi, themost active volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula. The image abovewas! B6 W3 H/ s# C4 ~/ T
taken by astronauts on the space shuttle Endeavour in 1994, as an eruption was just getting underway. The ash * a( |) {9 C" @7 Z5 ]  o4 l" t
plume reached as high as 50,000 feet.
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Augustine Volcano is a 4,100-foot-tall, 7-mile-wide stratovolcano. This eruption was captured by NASA’s Terra
satellite in 2006. Augustine’s dome collapsed in 1883, during its largest historical eruption. It has been erupting for at least 40,000
# K, q  _, G# Z7 Q0 G1 xyears. The island’s jagged edges were created by massive avalanches.
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9 f8 k: Q5 l5 x2 ~Augustine lies in the Cook Inlet at the eastern end of the Aleutian trench which marks the northernmost portion of the Pacific Ring
: }9 c" l; x& R$ }! `9 t2 T5.39.217.77of Fire. Volcanic activity here is caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate. As the wet
& V  J6 x! ]5 @0 Q公仔箱論壇ocean crust descends into the molten mantle below, superheated water is squeezed out and rises up to melt the bottom of 1 y' u2 ]. X: ^1 C: S. {, m/ Q$ e
the continental crust, creating magma that drives the volcanic eruptions
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Astronauts aboard the International Space Station caught a lucky glimpse of the start of this eruption of Sarychev Volcano 公仔箱論壇6 A) [2 ]/ j, m# {- u; G
in the Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan, on June 12, 2009. This was the volcano’s first eruption in 30 years.
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0 Q$ m6 n3 i7 c/ G公仔箱論壇The smooth white cloud, known as a pileus cloud, topping the eruption column may be made of water condensation caused by rising TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 {- B( w  z6 s
and cooling of the air above. In contrast, a dark gray cloud of ash near the ground is probably an avalanche of hot ash and rock known TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 S# J) e* @# s' |# @9 T; c
as a pyroclastic flow.3 E3 W2 v/ u: s0 v5 a+ s
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This photo sparked a debate among scientists about what caused the hole in the clouds above the eruption. Three possible options came up:' [7 T; X9 l) G: b
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* It could have nothing to do with the eruption and simply be caused by the contrast in temperatures between the ocean and the island.% q; h6 Q" [& l5 @1 z3 I1 t) l
* A shockwave from the eruption could have blown a hole in the cloud deck.
$ W+ }) B* |/ B4 b( N: r- V * As the plume rose, air flowed downward along the sides and became warmer and evaporated the clouds.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ w' g8 A, g# Q' @: ~: ?/ R; ]6 ?

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0 Y; |/ y6 _- [$ P7 m5.39.217.77Alaska’s Redoubt Volcano erupted five times in one night this year after almost three decades of relative quiet. 公仔箱論壇; {. r$ ?3 q' l4 G
It continued erupting on and off for weeks afterward. This image was taken by the commercial satellite GeoEye-1 on March 30 when
' i/ C6 w+ u; g$ C% M4 L5.39.217.77 the ash reached heights of 27,000 feet. The volcano’s alert level is still “advisory,” and the aviation color code is yellow.
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Redoubt is a 10,200-foot tall stratovolcano 100 miles southwest of Anchorage in the Aleutian Range, west of the Cook Inlet.: k$ y- V. p; i8 X7 T

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# C8 w! f. t! K: {, K& [3 C/ BMount Etna is the second tallest volcano in Europe, at almost 11,000 feet. It is one of the most active volcanoes intvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: {5 |$ n: F& |0 T
the world and is erupting nearly continuously. It is no surprise that there are many great photos of this volcano erupting, including this one
0 p  c  `1 n% L. V$ v; E5.39.217.77captured by astronauts on the International Space Station in 2002. The lighter colored plumes of smoke on the slope of the volcano in TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 v$ x; v# s' v0 ^* |
this picture are from forest fires ignited by lava.
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Etna is a stratovolcano located on the island of Sicily. It is one of the most studied volcanoes in the world and. at 500,000 years old, it may
0 H% D" w, n& o& w1 T0 _5.39.217.77also be the oldest-known active volcano.* F6 Q) y9 T6 d" g

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$ {4 {( T6 L1 u9 rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbA NASA astronaut spotted this eruption of Cleveland Volcano from the International Space Station in 2006. The volcano is 5,700 feet high . z+ j2 i  v- D2 s# ~# x
and claimed the only known eruption-related death in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands in 1944. Its symmetrical, cone shape is typical of stratovolcanoes.% N0 W9 e) F7 s8 R5 ^# i

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1 O+ G0 k: x2 H0 c( D- l/ p4 v) }! rPopoépetcatl, which means “smoking mountain” in the Aztec language, is a very active volcano just 44 miles outside Mexico City.
The second highest peak in Mexico at 17,800 feet, this glacier-covered stratovolcano has erupted at least 20 times in the last 500 years and has caused 公仔箱論壇3 K7 W4 s) k4 r& Q. X5 p
multiple evacuations of the city. This eruption in 2001 was caught by astronauts on the International Space Station, near the end of a seven-year period
( e0 {0 c* a' t- O) Xof frequent activity. The plume reached heights of around 30,000 feet.% l" g- ~' v& Y2 x' f8 y5 k

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This eruption of Chaitén caldera in Chile was photographed from the International Space Station in May 2008. Volcanism along the & c" l) a/ B8 }- Q8 T! q3 K9 \5 B3 o
west coast of South America is the result of subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American plate.. e8 L0 U: ^! x! ?

0 |+ S7 p2 p1 d! e1 h. H- }5.39.217.77Chaitén was last active more than 9,000 years ago. The violent 2008 eruption inundated the small coastal town of Chaitén with ash, pyroclastic
- a( u6 L/ S1 Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbflows and volcanic mudflows called lahars. The caldera is relatively small at less than two miles wide, and sits on the flank of the larger Michinmahuida volcano.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* a9 S$ N& g7 b$ G8 I

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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; D' ?4 O+ X3 u; y
This image of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands was taken by NASA’s Terra satellite in 2006. Sierra Negra
is a shield volcano, which are made mostly of previous lava flows and tend to be broad and gently sloping. The Galapagos are part of an island chain
formed by a hot spot where a plume of hot mantle rises up and melts the base of the ocean crust. As the Pacific plate moves over the relatively . C/ z3 d5 `8 T( W+ g
stationary hot spot, volcanoes are formed. The Hawaiian Islands were formed — and continue forming — the same way.

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NASA’s Terra satellite snapped this image of Shiveluch volcano erupting on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula at the edge of the Pacific Ring of Fire in 2004. . @+ ]: m) K* M7 X" q, k1 D
A lava dome had been growing in the volcano’s crater, followed by intermittent eruptions that lasted weeks. Shiveluch is a 10,400-foot-high stratovolcano
- @5 T$ u1 G3 y& a1 Mthat is at least 60,000 years old and has been erupting fairly often for the past 10 years. Its dome has collapsed multiple times, most recently in 1964, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* c1 |: _0 X* I# s+ K3 |# l. I- R
causing avalanches of debris into the crater.