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; t3 M% v$ ~+ N0 G# E- @5.39.217.77People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
5 u( A* |) o* y& A+ iof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇6 A0 o2 B* R4 y- ^2 m2 e" A
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ p, g( X+ }7 t! a5 M. ^
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 z# ?* J* j: \' a: E- O3 I7 t* p
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
2 Q. Q, V3 C' }, c4 x; Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇. z/ [) m- N4 F2 f/ B
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇4 i- @, ]. B3 A2 K0 N- X
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
0 Q) n; s& w5 T" {6 s5.39.217.77An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
2 q% ^: t7 g$ h4 otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled7 o3 T; }5 I/ u# P, Z9 E
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The ) e" V5 ^( P; G5 s! {
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 I. {% F; O/ G- B% M$ i* e1 u/ Z
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
# _* v6 m+ _; i# [1 w$ E7 zcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
5 p* f& W( T# i2 ~0 T$ }with gift shop and$2 admission fee.# K! N0 \3 n5 q# ]6 _: n+ s
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
; V: d- D: ]9 K: e公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! d$ f# N0 E: x' b# i! N
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3 b7 _7 |' p" ?) U* yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Escondida Mine, Chile
8 P  [! C6 t: p% T5 c, l! lThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
2 u& i( I( Y! s; n7 RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 3 u0 ~0 e) z0 z/ x8 o  r  b* Q
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.6 l0 N0 e# T2 _2 L
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 H* d3 W3 r; t
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.) q( [: N9 e  }# f

* C* a/ g  q0 C1 V: P7 j5 uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- Y! L% D. l+ ?9 i: x: p
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& d" P" O' E- J0 c5 r" ]8 H- I
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
0 Z3 P2 g# U% b: ]6 ^" c" o2 J5 Z! I- btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
3 N5 ~$ W3 O( A+ h5 b  f. mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
0 f% }" E" P- J5 @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 公仔箱論壇4 V% O- |- ?; J; i/ k
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
; c$ |& u/ j/ B0 P- ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 " S- d: X6 o; i
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.5.39.217.77" K" m& U& W1 b- S7 d
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
5 Y% H( O- s+ a! n) W9 i5.39.217.77camera and an 800mm lens.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 V* u8 f1 d9 L3 F6 ^
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! r( N) @7 O3 m* T. l+ j2 [公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California., ~6 c5 ]' i6 O
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
* e% ~# c  \2 H* a9 d+ \dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
! L2 v: l2 A- l3 W# L$ F5.39.217.77landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.5.39.217.771 S0 {/ _% B" h6 V) K9 \
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
" H' G* o% X7 j& A3 l: }5.39.217.77mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
( K* Q, c/ |1 m$ I( b6 D# ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with ' e0 l9 |" o$ Q
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
- ~2 y+ k$ s# p: Z6 K0 Y5.39.217.77Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
2 p, N9 d: K' U/ \9 T5.39.217.77extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
: ?' z) ~& c3 W4 P) }& [& M公仔箱論壇gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
) E0 b5 J1 g3 [5 y5.39.217.77This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.4 U& h2 ~3 b* k

" d/ b% {; {$ q$ ~4 u$ u9 Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5.39.217.771 z& U! h' x+ z. v8 ^$ |3 n
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 ^7 r9 C5 p9 C# T4 l
Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru5.39.217.77! `; s) M0 e' G" Y, D
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
3 d0 H; s9 [/ e% B  z6 N# x9 `公仔箱論壇The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
& J. Q1 x6 g* e" g  c- ^, h, j5 NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, , C7 |' e: _+ q, i6 }7 q
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
: A7 X1 F) W" T5 b3 g/ dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
0 Z$ a( d: v' Y$ G" P7 F' {5.39.217.77# y% }0 }8 T9 y1 |3 b7 X+ f! w
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- `7 x# s, U8 h) W3 R, c" @! z

2 B( \$ z$ u/ }; r' l# t8 S; r4 C1 STVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" }2 m% u1 w) n$ f0 X" {
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 5.39.217.77) N# }) z, a  p  a
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
/ Y  p4 ~/ Z. Q1 W9 o( |6 j8 @5.39.217.77the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 d1 N1 ~+ N* h/ a/ `. ^# b
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
: q& d" [( o; `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.% r, S" F% o$ ]2 \& k
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5.39.217.777 _+ S  u3 c, B$ ]& @

7 ]9 |2 o4 `; s7 d+ \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Cananea Mine, Mexico公仔箱論壇, R+ {; G# O$ C0 B0 H3 q$ C
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 5.39.217.77+ z4 G) g7 @, a: q
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 4 G: B' D2 l6 l2 F$ `
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. x+ o# E# U. E, ~4 q
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 t4 h$ P' o+ o8 k6 h; z" r6 A5 R. _
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
( u" X) z: N8 t% o# s: v3 b$ e: @A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
& p- x1 K, x3 A3 }. i" L. xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
3 A0 }4 A; [" x公仔箱論壇This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.5.39.217.77) c( |. t( ?. W
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ x( R2 `' x, q) ^' t* s1 F6 p
Phosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 B% G! t0 R$ d
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
# k, z8 }" J0 F' s+ r5.39.217.77percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists . z4 b+ i% s$ C. A; ?( d" S8 Y, h; u
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
8 u- |# V8 M9 g9 z6 Xpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.& d( J# n; p( V. p
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
! B- ?/ Z+ L- m" n5.39.217.77satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
0 F, @0 x( _5 m# U( x2 g9 CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
2 p% L/ C4 c& K7 n; W9 `( }lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. `- w$ C( b" y  v1 b7 h$ T

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5 R. B. h% T. R& w$ }New Cornelia Mine, Arizona/ W; s: u4 L  _
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
. A' h7 }' a# L4 u6 v9 N. atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped % N) M( v4 K, z1 ?: }8 y: c
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where ' o# i5 d( e0 @! o2 B* c+ J
the metal was extracted.
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5 ?5 Z4 ?. j: p公仔箱論壇8 U1 z$ O, x, j2 S0 c
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( N: N/ J7 g$ y& e1 V7 |5 }
Hambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 l$ w2 d* |' p2 A
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
; [9 K4 T( X$ F6 S% \3 x! R# _5.39.217.77One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ P$ c( I& x- }  e2 z6 n2 `0 j: X
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
  x# R- @6 w( H: P3 Q公仔箱論壇This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 公仔箱論壇/ X" X) @6 l( x$ C4 T
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
) D4 `3 V0 P+ E$ A- UTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.