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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 4 S' V+ n; l5 o/ C9 G. A/ w1 T4 G3 {
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 5.39.217.77/ I3 k+ b- N9 U8 h& }1 U
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
6 y. S) S2 q* U9 O$ \/ Y  I# mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 5.39.217.779 Q  T: F5 v) N$ O( y; p- V
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
5 O+ \1 P* \, f1 V" I. cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
* P6 h* A7 H1 b+ u! yAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 [* k( x+ A+ N& F8 `2 i  Q
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇# ^8 W' l) Q$ d0 Q* m* I
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 公仔箱論壇+ h% V% |# s" A# m6 k& ^
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled9 e0 P: r! }5 R: F9 f! v& [
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 公仔箱論壇/ g" \7 N7 E& Q
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
- W3 J2 n: O! p, {- V% d3 E6 R, @Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
" @" C  a) x- H! v. ~9 lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇% w9 t. b; H; y; r' ]0 n
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
# K" Q6 T, i3 S9 C9 m0 S! p/ fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇: k5 i1 \  a6 y6 q; E+ T* u0 c

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3 G( D  ?# {% |( g2 ]Escondida Mine, Chile
5 c7 N2 \# k& ^" _) F/ W; atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 公仔箱論壇. O9 d7 T: l- R2 M. u
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
2 p5 `( W' \3 G0 {' m2 M! P$ |5.39.217.77representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
( C9 l$ V! \# |. i7 W5.39.217.77This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 8 O* T8 J; {/ d/ u
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! s5 P5 d) s$ R: B

6 l1 i8 S) x0 X5 u1 A( ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
0 ]; K3 ^5 x6 R. A+ d( gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- y, t3 x/ B5 s0 m) O1 t
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah1 R" Z, E3 y: @, t3 V; h2 @
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced ) D" Q+ n. S- w
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
/ E* [1 o9 G/ r5.39.217.77miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
. G, b  s! h& X, O& z6 ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
) Q8 B+ k% x' |$ Y, n: i9 [公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 " ]' W1 X. N! q+ Q
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! E! F* [5 W2 y+ T* r8 p
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital ' o3 E& L- R* L/ E1 M7 o
camera and an 800mm lens.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 h. X; d  X# ~& C6 `; A

/ q4 X4 X2 q) k- r4 N
' ~8 T6 \5 a6 t+ j1 Y公仔箱論壇
; j& E& ~- a0 ^" k( f公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.5.39.217.776 n4 @. P! x) l
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; y/ U/ D9 i+ o4 q. r: P% [; s' _
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
  B7 w+ P) E; e: hlandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
) Z: Y. g& t% ^5.39.217.77Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
" ]2 k. E. \, Y4 J. f& Jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, + o* J$ b. p1 Q1 t& v
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
8 k( x. v0 A. a8 D685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 `; E- D3 s0 g" K+ Y1 \
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
, T& W5 q9 j  ]1 f; Z. ?; ~" A6 j7 W2 Dextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ p- M: U0 N- {7 }$ G
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
, }+ O5 E. K% K6 w& _) g5.39.217.77This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.7 l" ~  g9 i& K* q

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9 h+ H" {1 W; \- j' J公仔箱論壇Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
9 u0 D2 z; f& B* G$ x% ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
7 p2 q8 _( l# o1 Z1 T5.39.217.77The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 公仔箱論壇, H. h7 f5 w$ e9 E& C: d: c( L
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, 8 M3 Z) e" `, L5 x; l
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
0 ]. Z! v4 K- U5 l5.39.217.77Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
. t8 k) m7 w6 d% M" N- k# g& atvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5.39.217.77  c  w2 Y# O- a2 `: a3 n+ E8 q3 @
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1 i9 r/ D: ^3 N, ~" Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbFreeport Mine, Indonesia0 i7 R# _2 Q& w. l7 ?% r! D
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
3 q6 `% P; f* R& J' yMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
/ h6 S2 _( p4 xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  {; N$ V) c, `* E7 z
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.公仔箱論壇% B+ n. E' H4 B( Y6 P; h: O
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
1 r4 ?( u' T0 _公仔箱論壇5.39.217.77) _; e' |3 ~2 b% D# r3 t
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, Z. M8 l1 v& m4 d+ H/ a公仔箱論壇Cananea Mine, MexicoTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 |% X; b: l  E6 u& H- a
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
0 _, _7 T5 t! a7 u; G& Y. x公仔箱論壇Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 5.39.217.77$ N* [' A5 K% s' g9 }, @
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
* @9 H+ y5 [, \* n, F: |公仔箱論壇The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering 5.39.217.773 t0 t" e+ M/ ]- Y, F' Q
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.4 N* J' S1 q( {6 k7 P% Z
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the : h* n5 w1 m  o. C
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 i7 C" X) |; Y( D1 y# b1 I
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
- s" R. D6 J* x- x4 V9 |( dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 e) j* h, w. y- J2 A5 A$ A# X

$ m, f3 u; J) ^5 `1 G公仔箱論壇: Q% x( h  O8 @2 ?2 p2 M9 }9 C
Phosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 O$ P; R4 B) M* I6 s
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
. K2 \  {- P- o9 J8 l5 vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists 0 y; M4 [! z8 L6 _% ~" y9 ?  Y
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the $ u7 D) |" r/ K+ G3 K1 w
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
% w5 P- [! {, sThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
* {) _3 R; k$ R$ X5 `% atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 g1 }; h! Y& `' j
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 5 w9 A: N# x% @' Y" V7 J
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona公仔箱論壇3 i" K8 Y! O" P9 R2 f! l" v7 Y, E
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
' x6 N; X0 {+ y+ j6 q' c! W- `above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
2 u" G$ Y" Z- U5.39.217.77land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
! h0 C5 _8 f% ^& p公仔箱論壇the metal was extracted.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% n5 f% Q; y  `

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2 V% f" u, H3 [' ]3 G" F( S8 WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Hambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 A2 ~9 I% U( Y/ @3 U( ~
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 T" o7 _: D  j6 R, B5 z
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
' N4 Q5 ?$ H3 c4 o, ?: Y$ ^2 ~" bis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.5.39.217.77& r, M6 j* s8 X
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
3 v6 L. J/ n; Y( W/ KAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
) n: y4 V: H) I% z" s公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.