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7 H" }& ]/ u$ f1 k7 p4 @People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
7 @4 ]  H: O) J$ s- J5.39.217.77of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and , F$ b/ ?% J1 _- J: _) O* p
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
; L8 m7 U) I3 z, [' ?8 AWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
7 e/ C2 O$ R1 b% v  T% Y) S) o0 l公仔箱論壇astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
6 g' M( R' j9 ^! \This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
5 V7 d5 D  T& t: S- x4 m5.39.217.77An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 公仔箱論壇  E% S" A! H2 @3 d( e9 ^) b6 `
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
8 \( J  o3 o! a3 U6 Swith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
! W" U+ ^4 A* S6 S; G5.39.217.77water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.5.39.217.77( Z. p' [8 g9 y/ |2 X2 Q
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
- C8 S1 e6 w5 \5 vcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 0 o! P3 D- E# U2 H3 W
with gift shop and$2 admission fee., o- C% M/ Y  `. K9 u
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇2 U3 g# k) A" N# V$ ^( `" B

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9 |1 ?! K, k% }5.39.217.77Escondida Mine, Chile
7 B( i. S3 J+ X9 _* U4 dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
% R; @$ I: w+ p( M5 e, ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
* M5 o* p" H1 f! a$ r  [6 ?- Z; o2 n% Xrepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
& z: O9 T+ I0 Z' a, }4 OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer , A# H! v2 p$ X4 z6 i
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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7 i1 n8 ?) r! C( e4 |! H) atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, UtahTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! {8 f4 X( `( \4 z
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 F8 `5 ?. e/ H
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
. P( u3 F  G  s3 tmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
# ]0 b" U# B9 t" F% `the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
. c1 Z$ j' f2 z$ @# R' n! WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 ^! }0 z. _- }
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 J/ D7 f+ z1 g, v$ z
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& a7 n) d. S& u. d; u; ~8 |- f
camera and an 800mm lens.
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- x0 w; ]$ J8 e3 i! f5 o  R" C8 W7 x5.39.217.77Yuba River Goldfields, California.
' W  Z! L; F7 k" ]; etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; v2 E" A+ [4 z# |8 D6 h2 U
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 ?5 f' K6 {. M7 {3 b+ X
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ I8 c* a, Z: M8 U3 ?
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 公仔箱論壇# ?" Y+ ^( y! `* c# s' n" a
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
7 B& h8 Y' Y' T4 s( K" f7 K: P6 o5.39.217.77which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
1 y! `; o2 Q+ g8 C5.39.217.77685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
5 g% z: r& `  R  u5.39.217.77Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
6 b& E1 K- Z: k+ ~+ d+ K公仔箱論壇extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) j9 _+ f6 M$ u4 J
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.$ k9 {: _( X8 K! J2 J
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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, S4 E1 u  ~* }- ]( RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.77  T# c* y6 K" j5 r( Z% F

% C0 ?1 Q! S0 e. U  CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
& o, g5 d! b/ U+ E# |. _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. + X" X  I3 c9 a. a
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 d. K5 p( {. s! J5 f& r
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! R/ v1 `1 U6 l0 D* z
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 5.39.217.77( P( |8 d) g5 D: n! i: C7 E
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 ]' A) p& k; q  k  N( n

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3 d/ j/ ~0 O, k3 Y* P1 t7 PFreeport Mine, Indonesia5.39.217.77; P$ m3 A; d$ j" v. X6 d7 U
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
7 F, W, X! h; Y7 eMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
7 \7 S: v, B% E2 Fthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
' s( I; ^* R' \0 wextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
% ~$ O0 Q( Y: D9 s1 s$ iThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.( u2 r5 t4 U: y8 N

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- P/ H8 [  p+ w+ x& p8 W5.39.217.77Cananea Mine, MexicoTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; P& R: M! p3 \) o' F
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
: o9 t/ I, b! k3 a$ I0 O6 xPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# y6 U1 ?/ W2 C0 c. A' I+ L
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. , k% U* |- Y& P# v0 g/ j
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
+ ^$ m0 f1 l; O( t5 x: F. X5.39.217.77the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
' d, C* \% c/ `/ \$ X# FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 5.39.217.778 j. O( f7 V' z' e0 K
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ K/ @$ ~; w3 l" b4 h/ Q2 _; ~
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
- O) I# q2 ], b: D; I5 ?( d, e2 F9 g公仔箱論壇
/ W7 a! q1 G# W- o- \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 b3 A, [5 Z) D7 ?/ ]# X8 V1 N
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan5.39.217.77. z  ?1 x% d8 n# t  a
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
) R2 I0 N% M( ]+ }9 B/ i$ v& t: ]percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 U; B! x' q+ ^( f- d$ @4 y
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 公仔箱論壇& e' A* H, {0 S2 T1 w8 W
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
2 Z& g/ j/ \# M2 _; L5 ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 公仔箱論壇; J  _& e+ j* P( @; }7 U+ p0 N9 n" W
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. m2 d1 d3 d% G0 K% A, G1 k
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 公仔箱論壇; n5 K8 W# _6 I( z1 W
lower part of the image that appears striped.公仔箱論壇  V" c# a; l& L& z& s# m, {* }9 i: f; f, t

  V) Z5 j; P& A- S2 W# YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇$ k; D6 a* ?) j) }/ N
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
& W& L8 d; K4 {; G9 I& Y5.39.217.77Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured ) S+ O* q% y( L/ i
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
% z1 B; |3 T- u  y1 oTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
7 y/ f6 ^! W" Q$ _1 Dthe metal was extracted.
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# z' @1 b' ~6 P: ^3 c: d. j( j3 O公仔箱論壇Hambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 s$ j& g$ D+ T  p$ [& c
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 7 W+ U  a. ?" r, P; I- H
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator ; y" N3 A' U- e7 L- B0 g
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) w/ I. n( T  z7 Y% }2 d
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" B" q$ c! J1 c: W
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
$ `. e1 l; z6 s( |; s; D( Y( a公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.