; X4 T  J: u. k4 x* r- H2 C, T7 atvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
7 D9 y9 A* V/ V$ Z- r. X5.39.217.77People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
, B, H8 K3 v& i' Q6 ]; A公仔箱論壇of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and ' }; p6 n' }( L3 {% o
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
+ i7 ~8 {! ~8 U! [* P' e/ WWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 a8 Y7 B6 m: V: H
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. y' u* @: T) R2 R5 m

, b3 J+ _* B' N: s' m% {& K! ^Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
" X, C% W, x! U2 T" G; B. u- b' ^This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇6 K3 l3 Y5 I" U4 l
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 5.39.217.773 j6 K- b7 k  L- n
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled" U# X# p! e/ N, x  g/ A5 H
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 C3 D$ `* Q" R/ }% B
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
# y9 P$ A. z0 V' P5.39.217.77Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
# l2 X/ R0 A' Pcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇6 v6 E- b, B& p. i3 u. W8 t
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
9 l. @  r+ B( t: x5 PThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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$ U8 R1 C- A7 {5.39.217.77Escondida Mine, Chile
( @4 Y' p' E5 x; N0 X# v1 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces " R2 _) ^/ [6 x2 f7 T0 h  o- x
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 d, z0 K. j0 D0 g. @1 K
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. p7 u3 ]/ e8 A: x: i' k5 Q
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
/ b& d4 Z' F) e4 Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.5 ^+ z! U, \3 @- F7 x( i7 R) H

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+ b4 W2 x1 _( A/ C$ Y. F5.39.217.77公仔箱論壇/ h3 y( e# z+ D; K
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
% ?& e7 q5 t/ D8 Q' O7 l" OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
$ E) d1 x0 r7 o: ~2 Y4 e8 Lmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 y% ]: {) ?7 P9 R! q. x
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 5.39.217.77, C/ |) w4 s" ?7 j( O* K+ W
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" M3 R$ @8 |& j8 Y- o' Q
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
+ P9 @2 }0 W( P1 [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
9 T; t4 i2 q0 L公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital & }- A+ g# f2 F- a/ V/ b
camera and an 800mm lens.
3 m6 h: i7 Z" H4 a公仔箱論壇
* V1 e! _2 C: e  mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
5 I( ]. X# k6 cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
# x. R% @( J# E6 ~. t4 Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇/ U% m. r+ ?2 G0 R0 s5 z$ G
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
0 R" N6 `# R/ q# ]7 c% m2 G. K1 j3 rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 p0 ~" h+ V% F& o! G3 H! j
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
8 F1 H' y4 j/ TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic   V; P; Y8 n3 \4 u3 B
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
& ~0 \( F7 p: vwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
% Y8 }3 k% ^2 ]- Z- ^% \8 s685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
: F5 v! N. o$ {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 6 F" R  c4 j* d
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
3 P2 o& B) z, n$ [; X公仔箱論壇gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.5.39.217.77/ |$ L: V: `/ p5 A, N5 c5 B: u7 s: m! Q
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
$ Y" y' R1 t" ~* B' MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇3 t3 ?# j7 ^6 b3 `# B

5 q6 P: N; N8 I7 X- Q/ R7 gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ z, \( B+ b! Q1 z7 t
Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru5.39.217.77' {% e6 U; L- ]7 n+ w* U5 a
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ \% s+ u/ H9 g% Q) R6 Q5 Q
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
, q+ v! Q3 @1 U; F; k: S: F公仔箱論壇constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
6 I2 D# o8 x9 U3 }+ `公仔箱論壇heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 5.39.217.77  V7 c8 }, T8 X$ x
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇" x/ V/ G$ r2 R
5.39.217.77' }0 h: P( |1 t" W5 {
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( R' F+ C, Q8 [+ o$ m9 k

, x3 ^; i' ]' O/ P8 K6 @$ Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbFreeport Mine, IndonesiaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  b; Q. R/ R, s3 k4 W& v6 I/ n
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. X% q# u9 T9 c# `' C$ u
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
0 w+ o' h+ D- M2 |9 v5.39.217.77the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ v: g% l9 v) F, L  q5 m$ A, F
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 ?# p" D( Q* k; G! W
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.1 f! ~9 r3 u4 f

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3 E- ~" T4 t4 d4 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
; z* V$ |) t2 g3 e& m" z; ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Cananea Mine, Mexico
2 Q3 ^8 y# @" A, t4 U. Q5 HThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
( h: }6 T" J2 E# q# w6 {  kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 5.39.217.776 ~* q5 I' w2 e% f% ^5 |
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
, P! ~/ s9 v# m! o3 v) w; R) Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) W6 G; y" N0 V4 Y
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
+ F( j, c6 C# w! A$ d/ s$ ]" @7 qTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
8 q, a+ f9 j+ q) [# o5.39.217.77Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
) \; w: a) }7 _% o0 s% I/ VTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.5.39.217.77% M% I. }. G7 y% u
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" `( _% N' P" r& e( h7 Q" D& m1 Q5.39.217.77
" `  w: m: g* F9 r! J6 uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! c# q/ J) g- X5 s+ z
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
$ e- P% W" Y8 A# O1 Z+ N" fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
- d& m9 p% F' \: L+ N) qfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
: n! }7 p$ ]3 o6 m! e( Vpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 t5 W% h! o4 u; D6 B
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
; V+ h" g8 {% |2 ^. w& [$ \5 M1 R( kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
  Z5 o6 u0 G1 S7 t3 }5 [  `; ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 p2 r2 r2 E+ O' A' h' ?
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
/ H. g+ c0 B$ W5 Y' u5.39.217.77Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 5.39.217.778 N# Y$ a, a; I& n
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
8 @0 A# r8 j+ W: o  ]; q- t公仔箱論壇land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where - [: U4 @$ g  i6 X* N3 w8 K
the metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  p, S1 o* h* U' `
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9 T4 b% Y& E7 D# RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
" U/ X( a: Z- p1 Q! z' Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHambach Coal Mines, Germany
* o2 C7 t8 Z3 K4 u, `5.39.217.77The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% @/ P2 ]$ n% E2 o
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
: v$ r5 h! G; v5.39.217.77is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
2 n; G7 i+ D5 M* l6 ~+ R, o$ Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 公仔箱論壇# E0 b' K3 W8 _
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
9 z  d3 n% Y  Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.