! Q$ b! u; J! V5.39.217.77, a( k: `. c; U' r
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
0 D3 R; l( ?8 e. Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and * A, q4 s/ n9 h3 U! R
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
. r  y; ^3 X" P8 i1 P5 y5 U公仔箱論壇We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: a8 h4 P' M! Q8 }# x  [0 o
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
$ {; z( u: j+ G" w2 {公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇( m5 X/ _+ L* h/ w! ^% m
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, MontanaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, T1 |5 y$ K+ @% m
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ h$ c  Y; j9 a+ A9 W
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
- `! V3 k' {3 D3 u! SToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, ?8 V1 u( l0 ^
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
& V! v) s3 L/ w( {; a公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 u: A5 h6 \3 n7 J! Z) _
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 公仔箱論壇$ ^; O. {& r/ Q$ S$ ?
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
. \2 C2 b: J5 |% y: W' wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.
+ ?% ^( D) i0 n; UThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
. T) w2 K  _2 y: |# g
0 b  [0 w- @+ L* R: v0 S) m- i( U1 j' f) s7 j0 I
公仔箱論壇. z7 @5 g1 j/ Q+ H1 E1 E: y
Escondida Mine, Chile
5 {. W% }$ n% J- T0 n9 {8 |9 s公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 5.39.217.77! Q3 E* h3 a) q1 ^+ k
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
# K3 u* w8 Q- h3 d! ~4 H' frepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
2 m0 I& r5 [1 F9 p' mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
; t- @. x3 r# U( w" STVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ T  C$ U3 q8 O1 [& S% g
) P6 y- H# Q' a+ {
2 y1 v+ a0 C8 m) R$ x- t

# g: J3 T/ c4 l' P  A! b1 o/ t3 C- S公仔箱論壇Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
1 c" I7 q2 X. h7 K$ p$ vLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced ; Z6 i* O8 x: x3 A
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
0 Y- @. @) L' n1 wmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 5.39.217.775 o$ x2 b4 F$ c' z3 l. Z- L6 c8 b
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
6 D$ a/ J+ h" \! A公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 % {* z" C3 v, H- @5 _& F6 C' _
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 X6 `- ^. g. S+ d: F
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 @9 B  O' w% n) @! A
camera and an 800mm lens.
# ~& O& h2 B  iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 L* s7 L0 L" o0 W/ U
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 s7 A3 v8 r4 b9 D1 I5 h: T

3 L& C) r  C; l公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.7 s, W* q* o8 [* S8 \4 ~4 B! j- R
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
* i$ e% ~0 g) R' C- tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
  S8 y3 P% l( ]6 e7 T- zlandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
; U, o( G! F- y# x' uShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 X. Z, j7 W; u2 e+ \: L
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 C6 B9 K% n: K. r2 z& \3 ?7 o! a
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
) l2 o5 B: Q1 H685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
  v, G) @! D$ \. Z, S' }公仔箱論壇Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
0 Z; a& }. h9 Q5.39.217.77extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
1 I' p& l5 Z/ C8 @8 m( Q( gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
3 }3 E" Z. b! u: t: vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.- C0 G3 q* K: U- z
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, V* G  F: I) y$ v0 j
5.39.217.778 v( r( T% C' e7 V
5.39.217.77) N( B, [& l/ q; [' R
Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
7 P! k- ~" {% O1 j& y; SLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 5.39.217.77: l& L1 t6 Z% [- M' t$ `2 A( t
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
. U; N, S6 I5 e8 E' r2 |5.39.217.77constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
; Q2 o* M$ _( ?5.39.217.77heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
; g9 a9 h+ y. W8 @. F+ AStation on Sept. 22, 2003.  \& H3 H7 @; {- T0 R

& h8 b. X) t) }4 I& ^. Z公仔箱論壇
( p+ Q( _; k2 f" O7 U  Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 g" S$ o  x/ X9 n7 K' f4 X+ P
Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 b. \4 I# R0 J
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman ! ?# ~" s! o+ S/ X4 a1 |
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 q" T* ?6 F7 t
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
( R2 U2 w$ J4 W1 b3 Hextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.公仔箱論壇- s" @0 A0 R0 t& R. A5 ]2 u
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.( p4 w$ ~* R! d% o

1 Z8 |6 M3 Z* d& {* zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
" G, {; z; |7 E
. |+ Y  e. w; Z% S1 M5 ^2 y/ n- Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCananea Mine, Mexico
; h5 O$ r/ r: N1 ^# ZThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada ; Z5 J% s4 U! W" _7 _
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
  {" ]9 L1 t$ X4 E  \/ Kgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 公仔箱論壇/ _  A; Q7 U' b) {& o- M5 g3 }+ U! n
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
5 n6 E6 |' E! I7 N+ m, J2 GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
* e9 n! v  B" S. J* L; pA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 公仔箱論壇% x8 _8 B% g- `; T
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇5 o( A( T* D+ @2 X% |
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
( S; r4 ]$ E4 ?/ p' |9 I' lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( L+ X2 L- ~/ P# h' `2 L

3 s3 L: t, K2 d9 m, YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
2 o2 Z( G* p( \7 j5.39.217.77Phosphate Mines, Jordan
. [# K& e* Q+ d8 R' Z' H0 C% M$ C$ Rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 1 C+ k. Y" e+ ]& z: B% k
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
' H$ r/ i- ^- d: d' `% i' i公仔箱論壇fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 ~" o) O; y" c- ?" A# I
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
( B! v: Z, s1 i, B6 \4 Z) ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
# A+ V; L) g, bsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
( P, z# J) n9 l( m& Jblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the + f8 _( r' h2 }3 b/ t# u5 }
lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  R/ T9 S# _4 @1 T- c$ f% y
公仔箱論壇1 y, S+ b& L* f! M' A% J
公仔箱論壇, f( A) r. r' l, K% w& p  o7 F

3 a! k3 G) o6 L% K. K6 X0 r5.39.217.77New Cornelia Mine, Arizona3 r4 _; \( k6 X, ~; A- B& R
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
+ |( K! U' g7 ?6 `9 L4 n$ tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
. v! v! K& ^8 }0 Z公仔箱論壇land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 公仔箱論壇9 ^/ e% S4 K: o4 Z# l6 m) }
the metal was extracted.
- c2 l+ j8 _+ c- \, s; k- s1 l, l, v9 Q* @/ J% z9 w: ?

- ?# {2 \" a" J) k6 Y, E公仔箱論壇
& T8 m) R" M6 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 l/ E6 D% n: p* x9 m6 F
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  E* N7 @9 d5 l% Q8 q
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator 公仔箱論壇3 J! e" m. a$ o, p3 |' |; q( k
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
( W9 v8 m9 {, @, g5.39.217.77This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
3 }( E8 a( p1 ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are % M* B8 c) g/ F) N& W
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.